German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Berlin, Germany; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany; Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Nutrition, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; BEVITAL AS, Bergen, Norway; Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Medical Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Clinical Research Unit, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany; Charité-Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin site, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany; TraceAge DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany.
Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2020 Aug 31;117(35-36):575-582. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2020.0575.
In Germany, public interest in a vegan diet is steadily growing. There are, however, no current data on the macro- and micronutrient status of vegans.
In a cross-sectional study entitled "The Risks and Benefits of a Vegan Diet" (RBVD), we investigated the dietary intake, basic laboratory parameters, vitamin status, and trace-element status of 36 vegans and 36 persons on an omnivorous diet. Each group consisted of 18 men and 18 women aged 30-60.
Nearly all the vegans and one-third of the persons on a mixed diet had consumed supplements in the previous 4 weeks. Vegans and nonvegans had similar energy intake but differed in the intake of both macronutrients (e.g., dietary fiber) and micronutrients (e.g., vitamins B12, B2, D, E, and K, as well as folate, iodine, and iron). There were no intergroup differences in the biomarkers of vitamin B12, vitamin D, or iron status. The ferritin values and blood counts indicated iron deficiency in four vegans and three non-vegans. Measurements in 24-hour urine samples revealed lower calcium excretion and markedly lower iodine excretion in vegans compared to non-vegans; in one-third of the vegans, iodine excretion was lower than the WHO threshold value (<20 μg/L) for severe iodine deficiency.
Vitamin B12 status was similarly good in vegans and non-vegans, even though the vegans consumed very little dietary B12. This may be due to the high rate of supplementation. The findings imply a need to also assure adequate iodine intake in the population, especially among persons on a vegan diet.
在德国，公众对纯素饮食的兴趣正在稳步增长。然而，目前尚无关于纯素食者宏量和微量营养素状况的相关数据。
在一项题为“素食的风险和益处”（RBVD）的横断面研究中，我们调查了 36 名纯素食者和 36 名杂食者的饮食摄入、基本实验室参数、维生素状况和微量元素状况。每个组都由 18 名年龄在 30-60 岁之间的男性和女性组成。
几乎所有的纯素食者和三分之一的杂食者在过去的 4 周内都服用了补充剂。纯素食者和杂食者的能量摄入相似，但在宏量营养素（如膳食纤维）和微量营养素（如维生素 B12、B2、D、E 和 K 以及叶酸、碘和铁）的摄入方面存在差异。维生素 B12、维生素 D 或铁状况的生物标志物在两组之间没有差异。铁蛋白值和血液计数表明，四名纯素食者和三名杂食者存在缺铁。24 小时尿液样本的测量结果显示，与杂食者相比，素食者的钙排泄量较低，碘排泄量明显较低；在三分之一的素食者中，碘排泄量低于世界卫生组织（WHO）严重碘缺乏症的阈值（<20μg/L）。
即使纯素食者很少食用膳食 B12，他们的维生素 B12 状况与杂食者相似，这可能是由于高补充率所致。这些发现意味着需要确保人群，特别是素食者的碘摄入充足。
