Bilston-John Sabrina H, Narayanan Ardra, Lai Ching T, Rea Alethea, Joseph John, Geddes Donna T
School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, M310 Crawley, Perth 6009, Australia.
School of Mathematics and Statistics, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia.
Nutrients. 2021 Oct 9;13(10):3548. doi: 10.3390/nu13103548.
Longitudinal variations of macro- and trace elements in human milk (HM) are not well characterised, and therefore, the recommendations for intake for Australian infants require more evidence to ensure accuracy. We aimed to investigate the longitudinal variation of HM macro- and trace-element concentrations (1-12 months) and infant intake (1-6 months) and to investigate the relationships between intake and infant growth parameters at 3 and 6 months, and determine if intake was sufficient when compared to national guidelines. HM samples were collected monthly for the first 6 months and then at 9 and 12 months postpartum from mother-infant dyads ( = 83). Test-weighing was used to determine the volume of HM consumed daily. Element concentrations (Na, Ca, K, Mg, P, I, Se, Zn, Cu, Mn, Mo, and Fe) were measured using ICP-MS, and intake was calculated using the measured concentrations and the volume of HM consumed. The average intake of HM was 776.3 ± 24.0 mL for the infants. Changes in concentration from months 1 to 12 postpartum were observed for all the measured micronutrients (all < 0.05). The calculated intakes of all the macro- and trace elements showed that 0% to 82% of infants met the current adequate recommendations at varying periods of lactation. The calculated macro- and trace-element intakes were below the adequate intake recommendations, suggesting that they are not reflective of healthy infant requirements. These findings suggest the need for larger studies using sensitive analytical techniques and the revision of current recommendations for breastfed infants.
人乳（HM）中常量和微量元素的纵向变化特征尚不明确，因此，澳大利亚婴儿摄入量的建议需要更多证据来确保准确性。我们旨在研究人乳中常量和微量元素浓度（1至12个月）以及婴儿摄入量（1至6个月）的纵向变化，并研究摄入量与3个月和6个月时婴儿生长参数之间的关系，以及与国家指南相比确定摄入量是否充足。在产后的前6个月每月收集人乳样本，然后在9个月和12个月时从母婴二元组中收集（ = 83）。采用试重法确定每日摄入的人乳量。使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测量元素浓度（钠、钙、钾、镁、磷、碘、硒、锌、铜、锰、钼和铁），并根据测量浓度和摄入的人乳量计算摄入量。婴儿人乳的平均摄入量为776.3±24.0毫升。观察到所有测量的微量营养素在产后1至12个月期间浓度均有变化（所有 < 0.05）。所有常量和微量元素的计算摄入量表明，在不同哺乳期，0%至82%的婴儿达到了当前的充足摄入量建议。计算出的常量和微量元素摄入量低于充足摄入量建议，表明它们不能反映健康婴儿的需求。这些发现表明需要使用灵敏分析技术进行更大规模的研究，并修订目前对母乳喂养婴儿的建议。
