Fotouhi Sakineh, Khayatzadeh Saber, Pui Wei Xia, Damghani Mahdi, Bodaghi Mahdi, Fotouhi Mohamad
School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
Department of Design and Mathematics, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK.
Polymers (Basel). 2021 Oct 18;13(20):3587. doi: 10.3390/polym13203587.
This is a novel investigation on the possibility of detecting barely visible impact damage (BVID) in composite materials by whisking across the surface via tactile whisker sensors that resemble rats' whiskers. A series of drop tower low-velocity impact tests were performed on quasi-isotropic composite plates. The plates were made from unidirectional T800 carbon/MTM49-3 epoxy prepregs with the stacking sequence of [45/0/90/-45]. Investigating the specimens' surface by the naked eye does not reveal any significant damage, rather than a small dent on the surface, with no tangible difference in the different impact energy levels. Ultrasonic C-scan observations showed the existence of BVID in all the impact energy levels, with an increasing trend in the damage size by increasing the impact energy level. The collected data from whisker sensors were analyzed using the support vector machine classifier, based on their vibrational properties, to identify the impacted region and classify the impact severity. It was observed that after training for 13 whisker contacts, the BVID severity can be classified with an accuracy of 100%. This is offering a new BVID detection technique, with a high potential for automation and high reliability that can be used as an alternative or combined with available inspection systems.
这是一项新颖的研究，探讨通过类似于鼠须的触觉须状传感器扫过复合材料表面来检测几乎不可见的冲击损伤（BVID）的可能性。对准各向同性复合材料板进行了一系列落塔低速冲击试验。这些板材由单向T800碳/MTM49-3环氧预浸料制成，铺层顺序为[45/0/90/-45]。用肉眼检查试样表面时，除了表面有一个小凹痕外，没有发现任何明显损伤，不同冲击能量水平下也没有明显差异。超声C扫描观察表明，在所有冲击能量水平下都存在BVID，且随着冲击能量水平的增加，损伤尺寸呈增加趋势。基于须状传感器的振动特性，使用支持向量机分类器对收集到的数据进行分析，以识别受冲击区域并对冲击严重程度进行分类。结果发现，在经过13次须状接触训练后，BVID严重程度的分类准确率可达100%。这提供了一种新的BVID检测技术，具有高度自动化潜力和高可靠性，可作为现有检测系统的替代方法或与之结合使用。
