Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piedmont, Liguria and Aosta Valley, Torino, Italy.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Mar;29(12):18245-18258. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-17069-2. Epub 2021 Oct 23.
Biofouling is a costly burden for the shipping industry. Metal-based antifouling paints are widely used to protect submerged surfaces, but the release of metals from coatings and the recoating of hulls can leach large amounts of copper and zinc into aquatic environments, posing a risk for aquatic ecosystems and biodiversity. With this study, we studied the time-course metal accumulation and oxidative stress in the digestive gland and the gills of Hyriopsis bialatus, an Asian freshwater mussel, exposed to sublethal concentrations of cuprous chloride (50 and 5 µg/L) and zinc sulfate (1000 and 100 µg/L). Time-dependent accumulation was observed after exposure to copper, but zinc uptake was negligible. Integrated biomarker response (IBRv2) and statistical analysis of individual biomarker levels showed a greater biomarker response in the digestive gland and the gills after exposure to the higher concentration of CuCl and ZnSO. Both compounds elicited a biochemical response, especially in the digestive gland. Glutathione peroxidase activity was increased after exposure to both metals at both concentrations, suggesting a powerful defense against lipid peroxidation. The biological impact of zinc was less than that of copper, suggesting mitigated ecological pressure.
生物污损是航运业的一个沉重负担。基于金属的防污漆被广泛用于保护水下表面，但涂层中的金属释放和船体的重新涂漆会导致大量铜和锌浸出到水生环境中，对水生生态系统和生物多样性构成威胁。在这项研究中，我们研究了暴露于亚致死浓度的一氯化铜（50 和 5µg/L）和硫酸锌（1000 和 100µg/L）下，亚洲淡水贻贝三角帆蚌消化腺和鳃中金属积累和氧化应激的时程。暴露后观察到铜的时间依赖性积累，但锌的吸收可以忽略不计。综合生物标志物响应（IBRv2）和个体生物标志物水平的统计分析表明，在暴露于更高浓度的 CuCl 和 ZnSO 后，消化腺和鳃中的生物标志物反应更大。这两种化合物都引起了生化反应，特别是在消化腺中。暴露于两种金属后，谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性均增加，表明对脂质过氧化有强大的防御作用。锌的生物影响小于铜，表明生态压力减轻。
