School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland, Australia.
J Morphol. 2021 Dec;282(12):1785-1800. doi: 10.1002/jmor.21421. Epub 2021 Nov 2.
Virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) are new technologies with the power to revolutionize the study of morphology. Modern imaging approaches such as computed tomography, laser scanning, and photogrammetry have opened up a new digital world, enabling researchers to share and analyze morphological data electronically and in great detail. Because this digital data exists on a computer screen, however, it can remain difficult to understand and unintuitive to interact with. VR/AR technologies bridge the analog-to-digital divide by presenting 3D data to users in a very similar way to how they would interact with actual anatomy, while also providing a more immersive experience and greater possibilities for exploration. This manuscript describes VR/AR hardware, software, and techniques, and is designed to give practicing morphologists and educators a primer on using these technologies in their research, pedagogy, and communication to a wide variety of audiences. We also include a series of case studies from the presentations and workshop given at the 2019 International Congress of Vertebrate Morphology, and suggest best practices for the use of VR/AR in comparative morphology.
虚拟现实和增强现实（VR/AR）是具有变革形态学研究能力的新技术。现代成像方法，如计算机断层扫描、激光扫描和摄影测量，开辟了一个新的数字世界，使研究人员能够以电子方式和非常详细地共享和分析形态数据。然而，由于这些数字数据存在于计算机屏幕上，因此仍然难以理解，并且与实际解剖结构的交互也不直观。VR/AR 技术通过以与实际解剖结构非常相似的方式向用户呈现 3D 数据来弥合模拟到数字的鸿沟，同时还提供了更身临其境的体验和更多探索的可能性。本文档描述了 VR/AR 硬件、软件和技术，旨在为从事形态学研究的人员和教育工作者提供一个基础，介绍如何在他们的研究、教学和与各种受众的交流中使用这些技术。我们还包括在 2019 年国际脊椎动物形态学大会上的演示和研讨会中提供的一系列案例研究，并为比较形态学中 VR/AR 的使用提出了最佳实践。
