Sherafat Amin, Pfeiffer Friederike, Nishiyama Akiko
Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States.
Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Front Cell Neurosci. 2021 Oct 8;15:721376. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2021.721376. eCollection 2021.
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are glial cells that differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes (OLs) to generate new myelin sheaths. While OPCs are distributed uniformly throughout the gray and white matter in the developing and adult brain, those in white matter proliferate and differentiate into oligodendrocytes at a greater rate than those in gray matter. There is currently lack of evidence to suggest that OPCs comprise genetically and transcriptionally distinct subtypes. Rather, the emerging view is that they exist in different cell and functional states, depending on their location and age. Contrary to the normal brain, demyelinated lesions in the gray matter of multiple sclerosis brains contain more OPCs and OLs and are remyelinated more robustly than those in white matter. The differences in the dynamic behavior of OL lineage cells are likely to be influenced by their microenvironment. There are regional differences in astrocytes, microglia, the vasculature, and the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM). We will discuss how the regional differences in these elements surrounding OPCs might shape their phenotypic variability in normal and demyelinated states.
少突胶质前体细胞（OPCs）是一种胶质细胞，可分化为成熟的少突胶质细胞（OLs）以生成新的髓鞘。虽然OPCs在发育中和成体大脑的灰质和白质中均有均匀分布，但白质中的OPCs比灰质中的OPCs增殖并分化为少突胶质细胞的速度更快。目前尚无证据表明OPCs包含基因和转录上不同的亚型。相反，新出现的观点是，它们根据其位置和年龄处于不同的细胞和功能状态。与正常大脑相反，多发性硬化症大脑灰质中的脱髓鞘病变含有更多的OPCs和OLs，并且比白质中的脱髓鞘病变再髓鞘化更强烈。OL谱系细胞动态行为的差异可能受其微环境的影响。星形胶质细胞、小胶质细胞、脉管系统和细胞外基质（ECM）的组成存在区域差异。我们将讨论围绕OPCs的这些元素的区域差异如何在正常和脱髓鞘状态下塑造它们的表型变异性。
