Zhang Wei, Tian Yong, He Haili, Xu Li, Li Wei, Zhao Dongyuan
Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, and iChEM, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
Natl Sci Rev. 2020 Feb 14;7(11):1702-1725. doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa021. eCollection 2020 Nov.
Because of their low cost, natural abundance, environmental benignity, plentiful polymorphs, good chemical stability and excellent optical properties, TiO materials are of great importance in the areas of physics, chemistry and material science. Much effort has been devoted to the synthesis of TiO nanomaterials for various applications. Among them, mesoporous TiO materials, especially with hierarchically porous structures, show great potential owing to their extraordinarily high surface areas, large pore volumes, tunable pore structures and morphologies, and nanoscale effects. This review aims to provide an overview of the synthesis and applications of hierarchically mesoporous TiO materials. In the first section, the general synthetic strategies for hierarchically mesoporous TiO materials are reviewed. After that, we summarize the architectures of hierarchically mesoporous TiO materials, including nanofibers, nanosheets, microparticles, films, spheres, core-shell and multi-level structures. At the same time, the corresponding mechanisms and the key factors for the controllable synthesis are highlighted. Following this, the applications of hierarchically mesoporous TiO materials in terms of energy storage and environmental protection, including photocatalytic degradation of pollutants, photocatalytic fuel generation, photoelectrochemical water splitting, catalyst support, lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries, are discussed. Finally, we outline the challenges and future directions of research and development in this area.
由于其低成本、天然丰度高、环境友好、多晶型丰富、化学稳定性好以及光学性能优异，TiO材料在物理、化学和材料科学领域具有重要意义。人们致力于合成用于各种应用的TiO纳米材料。其中，介孔TiO材料，特别是具有分级多孔结构的材料，因其极高的比表面积、大孔体积、可调节的孔结构和形态以及纳米尺度效应而展现出巨大潜力。本综述旨在概述分级介孔TiO材料的合成与应用。在第一部分，综述了分级介孔TiO材料的一般合成策略。之后，我们总结了分级介孔TiO材料的结构，包括纳米纤维、纳米片、微粒、薄膜、球体、核壳结构和多级结构。同时，突出了相应的机制和可控合成的关键因素。在此之后，讨论了分级介孔TiO材料在能量存储和环境保护方面的应用，包括污染物的光催化降解、光催化产燃料、光电化学水分解、催化剂载体、锂离子电池和钠离子电池。最后，我们概述了该领域研发面临的挑战和未来方向。
