Calderón Ch J Alan, Rincón Carlos, Agreda Martin, Jiménez de Cisneros Juan José
Angewandte Nanophysik, Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Ilmenau 98693, Germany.
Engineering Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima 15088, Peru.
Heliyon. 2021 Oct;7(10):e08195. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08195. Epub 2021 Oct 19.
Low-cost mechanical ventilators have been developed in order to deal with the shortage of traditional ventilators whose quantity is not sufficient in an emergency context in Perú. Protofy, a company from Spain, designed one of the first low-cost mechanical ventilation systems OxyGEN which was approved by a medicine agency in its country in special context of COVID 19. Therefore, as main of this article, a redesign of this system named OxygenIP.PE was carried out according to local requirements and available technology, but maintaining its working concept based on compression mechanism by cams. Sensors were added and a control algorithm of the respiratory rate was developed. Ventilation curves monitoring over time was implemented; in this sense, a mathematical model of the whole system was developed. OxygenIP.PE was redesigned, fabricated, and tested measuring its ventilation curves over time. Results indicate that this redesign provides a sturdy equipment able to work during a longer lifetime than the original. The replicability of the ventilation curves behavior is ensured, while the mechanism dimensions are adapted for a particular airbag resuscitator. The mathematical model of the whole system can satisfactorily determine the ventilation curves over time and is used to show the air pressure, volume, and flow as a function of the compression arm's angular position and differential pressure through the breathing circuit measurement, furthermore the algorithms designed as a consequence of the mathematical model were implemented for Raspberry and ARDUINO microcontrollers. There were obtained parameters of pressure 10-65 cmH2O, airflow 50-65 l/m, volume 0-0.5 l, at two values of beat per minute (BPM) 15 and 25.
为应对秘鲁紧急情况下传统呼吸机数量不足的问题，已研发出低成本机械呼吸机。西班牙公司Protofy设计了首批低成本机械通气系统之一OxyGEN，该系统在新冠疫情特殊背景下获得了该国药品机构的批准。因此，作为本文的重点，在遵循当地要求和现有技术的基础上，对该系统进行了重新设计，命名为OxygenIP.PE，但仍保持其基于凸轮压缩机制的工作理念。增加了传感器，并开发了呼吸频率控制算法。实现了对通气曲线随时间的监测；从这个意义上说，还开发了整个系统的数学模型。对OxygenIP.PE进行了重新设计、制造和测试，测量其通气曲线随时间的变化。结果表明，此次重新设计提供了一种坚固的设备，其使用寿命比原来更长。确保了通气曲线行为的可重复性，同时机构尺寸适用于特定的气囊复苏器。整个系统的数学模型能够令人满意地确定通气曲线随时间的变化，并用于显示气压、体积和流量随压缩臂角位置以及通过呼吸回路测量的压差的函数关系，此外，基于该数学模型设计的算法在树莓派和ARDUINO微控制器上得以实现。在每分钟心跳数（BPM）为15和25这两个值时，获得了压力10 - 65 cmH₂O、气流50 - 65 l/m、体积0 - 0.5 l的参数。
