van Rijn Piet A, Maris-Veldhuis Mieke A, Spedicato Massimo, Savini Giovanni, van Gennip René G P
Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research (WBVR), 8200 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands.
Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
Vaccines (Basel). 2021 Oct 9;9(10):1150. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9101150.
Bluetongue (BT) is a midge-borne OIE-notifiable disease of ruminants caused by the bluetongue virus (BTV). There are at least 29 BTV serotypes as determined by serum neutralization tests and genetic analyses of genome segment 2 encoding serotype immunodominant VP2 protein. Large parts of the world are endemic for multiple serotypes. The most effective control measure of BT is vaccination. Conventionally live-attenuated and inactivated BT vaccines are available but have their specific pros and cons and are not DIVA compatible. The prototype Disabled Infectious Single Animal (DISA)/DIVA vaccine based on knockout of NS3/NS3a protein of live-attenuated BTV, shortly named DISA8, fulfills all criteria for modern veterinary vaccines of sheep. Recently, DISA8 with an internal in-frame deletion of 72 amino acid codons in NS3/NS3a showed a similar ideal vaccine profile in cattle. Here, the DISA/DIVA vaccine platform was applied for other serotypes, and pentavalent DISA/DIVA vaccine for "European" serotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 was studied in sheep and cattle. Protection was demonstrated for two serotypes, and neutralization Ab titers indicate protection against other included serotypes. The DISA/DIVA vaccine platform is flexible in use and generates monovalent and multivalent DISA vaccines to combat specific field situations with respect to Bluetongue.
蓝舌病（BT）是一种由蓝舌病毒（BTV）引起的、通过蠓传播的反刍动物疾病，属于国际兽疫局规定的应通报疾病。通过血清中和试验以及对编码血清型免疫显性VP2蛋白的基因组片段2进行基因分析，已确定至少有29种BTV血清型。世界上大部分地区存在多种血清型的地方流行情况。蓝舌病最有效的防控措施是接种疫苗。传统的减毒活疫苗和灭活蓝舌病疫苗都有其各自的优缺点，且不具备区分感染动物和免疫动物（DIVA）的特性。基于减毒活BTV的NS3/NS3a蛋白敲除构建的原型失活感染单动物（DISA）/DIVA疫苗，简称为DISA8，满足现代绵羊兽用疫苗的所有标准。最近，在NS3/NS3a区域内部有72个氨基酸密码子读框内缺失的DISA8在牛身上也显示出类似的理想疫苗特性。在此，将DISA/DIVA疫苗平台应用于其他血清型，并在绵羊和牛身上研究了针对“欧洲”血清型1、2、3、4、8的五价DISA/DIVA疫苗。已证明该疫苗对两种血清型具有保护作用，中和抗体效价表明对其他包含的血清型也有保护作用。DISA/DIVA疫苗平台使用灵活，可生产单价和多价DISA疫苗，以应对蓝舌病的特定现场情况。
