Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.
Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
Viruses. 2021 Sep 29;13(10):1955. doi: 10.3390/v13101955.
is a Gram-negative foodborne pathogen that causes diarrheal disease and is associated with severe post-infectious sequelae. Bacteriophages (phages) are a possible means of reducing colonization in poultry to prevent downstream human infections. However, the factors influencing phage-host interactions must be better understood before this strategy can be predictably employed. Most studies have focused on phage binding to the host surface, with all phages classified as either capsule- or flagella-specific. Here we describe the characterization of a phage that requires functional flagellar glycosylation and motor genes for infection, without needing the flagella for adsorption to the cell surface. Through phage infectivity studies of targeted mutants, transcriptomic analysis of phage-resistant mutants, and genotypic and phenotypic analysis of a spontaneous phage variant capable of simultaneously overcoming flagellar gene dependence and sensitivity to oxidative stress, we have uncovered a link between oxidative stress, flagellar motility, and phage infectivity. Taken together, our results underscore the importance of understanding phage-host interactions beyond the cell surface and point to host oxidative stress state as an important and underappreciated consideration for future phage-host interaction studies.
是一种革兰氏阴性食源性病原体，可引起腹泻病，并与严重的感染后后遗症有关。噬菌体（phages）是减少家禽定植以预防下游人类感染的一种可能手段。然而，在能够可预测地采用这种策略之前，必须更好地了解影响噬菌体-宿主相互作用的因素。大多数研究都集中在噬菌体与宿主表面的结合上，所有噬菌体都分为荚膜特异性或鞭毛特异性。在这里，我们描述了一种噬菌体的特征，该噬菌体需要功能性鞭毛糖基化和运动基因才能感染，而不需要鞭毛吸附到细胞表面。通过针对靶向突变体的噬菌体感染性研究、对噬菌体抗性突变体的转录组分析以及能够同时克服鞭毛基因依赖性和对氧化应激敏感性的自发噬菌体变体的基因型和表型分析，我们发现了氧化应激、鞭毛运动和噬菌体感染性之间的联系。总之，我们的研究结果强调了超越细胞表面理解噬菌体-宿主相互作用的重要性，并指出宿主氧化应激状态是未来噬菌体-宿主相互作用研究中一个重要但被低估的考虑因素。
