Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, Comparative & Molecular Biosciences Graduate Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA.
Virulence. 2021 Dec;12(1):2777-2786. doi: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1996519.
Several animal species, including ferrets, hamsters, monkeys, and raccoon dogs, have been shown to be susceptible to experimental infection by the human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, which were responsible for the 2003 SARS outbreak and the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, respectively. Emerging studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 natural infection of pet dogs and cats is also possible, but its prevalence is not fully understood. Experimentally, it has been demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 replicates more efficiently in cats than in dogs and that cats can transmit the virus through aerosols. With approximately 470 million pet dogs and 370 million pet cats cohabitating with their human owners worldwide, the finding of natural SARS-CoV-2 infection in these household pets has important implications for potential zoonotic transmission events during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as future SARS-related outbreaks. Here, we describe some of the ongoing worldwide surveillance efforts to assess the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 exposure in companion, captive, wild, and farmed animals, as well as provide some perspectives on these efforts including the intra- and inter-species coronavirus transmissions, evolution, and their implications on the human-animal interface along with public health. Some ongoing efforts to develop and implement a new COVID-19 vaccine for animals are also discussed. Surveillance initiatives to track SARS-CoV-2 exposures in animals are necessary to accurately determine their impact on veterinary and human health, as well as define potential reservoir sources of the virus and its evolutionary and transmission dynamics.
一些动物物种，包括雪貂、仓鼠、猴子和貉，已被证明易受人类严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒（如 SARS-CoV 和 SARS-CoV-2）的实验感染，这两种病毒分别导致了 2003 年 SARS 爆发和 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行。新出现的研究表明，宠物狗和猫也可能自然感染 SARS-CoV-2，但其流行程度尚不完全清楚。实验表明，SARS-CoV-2 在猫体内的复制效率高于狗，而且猫可以通过气溶胶传播病毒。全世界约有 4.7 亿只宠物狗和 3.7 亿只宠物猫与它们的人类主人共同生活，在这些家庭宠物中发现自然感染 SARS-CoV-2 具有重要意义，因为这可能导致 COVID-19 大流行期间以及未来与 SARS 相关的爆发中的潜在人畜共患病传播事件。在这里，我们描述了一些正在进行的全球监测工作，以评估伴侣动物、圈养动物、野生动物和养殖动物中 SARS-CoV-2 暴露的流行情况，并就这些工作提供一些观点，包括种内和种间冠状病毒的传播、进化，以及它们对人类与动物界面以及公共卫生的影响。还讨论了一些正在进行的为动物开发和实施新的 COVID-19 疫苗的努力。对动物进行 SARS-CoV-2 暴露监测的倡议是必要的，以准确确定其对兽医和人类健康的影响，以及确定病毒的潜在储存来源及其进化和传播动态。
