Shapiro E, Shapiro A K
Rev Neurol (Paris). 1986;142(11):824-32.
Precise description of the signs, symptoms, classification and criteria for Tic Disorder and Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (GTS) is important to reduce heterogeneity in studies and to develop hypotheses about the pathophysiology of these disorders. Previous diagnostic categories and criteria for Tic Disorders and GTS in DSM-III and ICD-9 were derived from our study of 114 consecutive patients, questionnaire responses by 31 patients and data on 76 patients from 8 published reports. During the past 20 years we have evaluated 1490 patients for movement disorders, of whom 1210 had GTS and 137 had another tic disorder. Analysis of these data and review of the literature serve as the basis for proposed revision of the signs, symptoms, nosology and criteria for Tic Disorders and GTS.
准确描述抽动障碍和 Gilles de la Tourette 综合征（GTS）的体征、症状、分类及标准，对于减少研究中的异质性以及形成关于这些疾病病理生理学的假设非常重要。DSM-III 和 ICD-9 中先前的抽动障碍和 GTS 诊断类别及标准，源自我们对 114 例连续患者的研究、31 例患者的问卷回复以及 8 篇已发表报告中 76 例患者的数据。在过去 20 年里，我们评估了 1490 例运动障碍患者，其中 1210 例患有 GTS，137 例患有其他抽动障碍。对这些数据的分析以及文献回顾，为提议修订抽动障碍和 GTS 的体征及症状、疾病分类学和标准奠定了基础。
