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增强现实与虚拟现实显示：新兴技术与未来展望。

Augmented reality and virtual reality displays: emerging technologies and future perspectives.

作者信息

Xiong Jianghao, Hsiang En-Lin, He Ziqian, Zhan Tao, Wu Shin-Tson

机构信息

College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA.

出版信息

Light Sci Appl. 2021 Oct 25;10(1):216. doi: 10.1038/s41377-021-00658-8.

DOI:10.1038/s41377-021-00658-8
PMID:34697292
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8546092/
Abstract

With rapid advances in high-speed communication and computation, augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) are emerging as next-generation display platforms for deeper human-digital interactions. Nonetheless, to simultaneously match the exceptional performance of human vision and keep the near-eye display module compact and lightweight imposes unprecedented challenges on optical engineering. Fortunately, recent progress in holographic optical elements (HOEs) and lithography-enabled devices provide innovative ways to tackle these obstacles in AR and VR that are otherwise difficult with traditional optics. In this review, we begin with introducing the basic structures of AR and VR headsets, and then describing the operation principles of various HOEs and lithography-enabled devices. Their properties are analyzed in detail, including strong selectivity on wavelength and incident angle, and multiplexing ability of volume HOEs, polarization dependency and active switching of liquid crystal HOEs, device fabrication, and properties of micro-LEDs (light-emitting diodes), and large design freedoms of metasurfaces. Afterwards, we discuss how these devices help enhance the AR and VR performance, with detailed description and analysis of some state-of-the-art architectures. Finally, we cast a perspective on potential developments and research directions of these photonic devices for future AR and VR displays.

摘要

随着高速通信和计算技术的飞速发展，增强现实（AR）和虚拟现实（VR）正成为实现更深入人机数字交互的下一代显示平台。尽管如此，要同时匹配人类视觉的卓越性能，并保持近眼显示模块的紧凑和轻便，这对光学工程提出了前所未有的挑战。幸运的是，全息光学元件（HOE）和光刻技术支持的设备的最新进展为解决AR和VR中的这些障碍提供了创新方法，而这些障碍用传统光学方法很难解决。在这篇综述中，我们首先介绍AR和VR头显的基本结构，然后描述各种HOE和光刻技术支持的设备的工作原理。详细分析了它们的特性，包括对波长和入射角的强选择性、体全息光学元件的复用能力、液晶全息光学元件的偏振依赖性和主动切换、器件制造、微发光二极管（LED）的特性以及超表面的大设计自由度。之后，我们讨论这些设备如何帮助提升AR和VR性能，并对一些先进架构进行详细描述和分析。最后，我们展望了这些光子器件在未来AR和VR显示中的潜在发展和研究方向。

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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1c27/8546092/5c45463518e4/41377_2021_658_Fig16_HTML.jpg
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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1c27/8546092/156a36369901/41377_2021_658_Fig6_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1c27/8546092/a7c846ecfa49/41377_2021_658_Fig7_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1c27/8546092/74f8785e5577/41377_2021_658_Fig8_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1c27/8546092/d1d029f019dd/41377_2021_658_Fig9_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1c27/8546092/d215d632a142/41377_2021_658_Fig10_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1c27/8546092/72dd653be99a/41377_2021_658_Fig11_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1c27/8546092/eac07a99ed5b/41377_2021_658_Fig12_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1c27/8546092/13e698d1988f/41377_2021_658_Fig13_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1c27/8546092/3e67546a6cb5/41377_2021_658_Fig14_HTML.jpg
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