Shepeleva Irina P
Laboratory of Visual Physiology, Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Makarova emb. 6, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.
Vision (Basel). 2021 Sep 28;5(4):44. doi: 10.3390/vision5040044.
Gastropod mollusks are convenient model organisms for studying the functioning of the visual system. The purpose of this work is to estimate the value of the optical sensitivity to white light for the camera-like eyes of gastropod mollusks and humans and analyze its effect on the spatial resolving power in two regions of the retina: in the center-for single photoreceptors of the first/second type in a mollusk and single cones in humans-and in the periphery-for single photoreceptors of the first/second type in a mollusk, as well as for single rods/cones and their groups, subject to spatial summation in humans. The methods of histology, light and transmission electron microscopy, morphometry, calculations and methods of statistical analysis are used in the work. In a mollusk, with a fixed pupil area, the value of the optical sensitivity of the eye to white light in the center of the retina for single photoreceptors of the first/second type is 0.5/0.006 μm·sr and in the periphery of the retina, 0.9/0.009 μm·sr. In humans, at the minimum and maximum pupil area, respectively, the value of the optical sensitivity of the eye to white light in the center of the retina (foveola) for single cones varies from 0.00053 to 0.028 μm·sr, and in the periphery of the retina (far periphery) for single rods from 0.011 to 0.575 μm·sr, for single cones from 0.025 to 1.319 μm·sr, for the groups of rods from 3859 to 204,094 μm·sr and for the groups of cones from 2.5 to 131 μm·sr. The value of the optical sensitivity of the eyes to white light for single photoreceptors of the first/second type in both regions of the retina in a mollusk, as well as for single cones in the center and groups of rods/cones in the periphery of the retina in humans, corresponds to the ambient light conditions during periods of activity and does not affect the spatial resolving power.
腹足纲软体动物是研究视觉系统功能的便利模式生物。这项工作的目的是评估腹足纲软体动物和人类类似相机的眼睛对白光的光学敏感度，并分析其对视网膜两个区域空间分辨能力的影响：在中心区域——对于软体动物中的第一/二类单光感受器以及人类中的单视锥细胞；在外围区域——对于软体动物中的第一/二类单光感受器，以及对于人类中经过空间总和的单视杆细胞/视锥细胞及其群体。研究中使用了组织学、光镜和透射电子显微镜、形态测量、计算以及统计分析方法。在软体动物中，在瞳孔面积固定的情况下，视网膜中心区域第一/二类单光感受器对白光的光学敏感度值为0.5/0.006μm·sr，在视网膜外围区域为0.9/0.009μm·sr。在人类中，分别在最小和最大瞳孔面积时，视网膜中心（中央凹）单视锥细胞对白光的光学敏感度值从0.00053变化到0.028μm·sr，在视网膜外围（远外围）单视杆细胞从0.011变化到0.575μm·sr，单视锥细胞从0.025变化到1.319μm·sr，视杆细胞群体从3859变化到204,094μm·sr，视锥细胞群体从2.5变化到131μm·sr。软体动物视网膜两个区域中第一/二类单光感受器对白光的光学敏感度值，以及人类视网膜中心的单视锥细胞和外围视杆细胞/视锥细胞群体对白光的光学敏感度值，与活动期间的环境光条件相对应，且不影响空间分辨能力。
