Xie Xiaoyue, Wei Linqiu, Shi Jian, Cheng Yan
Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China.
School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Sports Biomech. 2024 Oct;23(10):1751-1771. doi: 10.1080/14763141.2021.1983014. Epub 2021 Oct 27.
While many parameters contribute to swimming start performance, a few have been proven to affect the overall start performance more significantly than others; these include take-off velocity, flight time, entry water distance, time underwater during descent and ascent, and free-swimming velocity. This study aims to analyse the influential trajectory of these key parameters on the overall start performance, particularly focusing on determining the optimal breakout point. Ten national-level swimmers participated in this study, which combined kinematics and statistical analysis to propose a novel start model that can be used to explore the influential trajectory of key parameters on the overall start performance and assess the effect of some training factors for performance improvement. Further, this study investigated the optimal breakout position via a mathematical model. This is the first study to provide a solution to determine this parameter. The solution is verified to be practical through trial data, and the overall start performance is improved by 0.71-3.29%, depending on the swimmer's current level. Therefore, the results can be used as a reference for swimming start training and improvement.
虽然许多参数都会影响游泳出发的表现，但已证实有几个参数对整体出发表现的影响比其他参数更为显著；这些参数包括起跳速度、飞行时间、入水距离、下降和上升过程中的水下时间以及自由泳速度。本研究旨在分析这些关键参数对整体出发表现的影响轨迹，尤其着重于确定最佳破水点。十名国家级游泳运动员参与了本研究，该研究结合运动学和统计分析，提出了一种新颖的出发模型，可用于探究关键参数对整体出发表现的影响轨迹，并评估一些训练因素对提高成绩的效果。此外，本研究通过数学模型研究了最佳破水位置。这是第一项提供确定该参数解决方案的研究。该解决方案通过试验数据验证是切实可行的，根据游泳运动员的当前水平，整体出发表现提高了0.71%-3.29%。因此，研究结果可为游泳出发训练和提高提供参考。
