Aquatics Lab, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Sports Biomech. 2024 Jun;23(6):772-787. doi: 10.1080/14763141.2021.1891276. Epub 2021 Mar 4.
In swimming, the underwater phase after the start and turn comprises gliding and dolphin kicking, with the latter also known as underwater undulatory swimming (UUS). Swimming performance is highly dependent on the underwater phase; therefore, understanding the training effects in UUS and underwater gliding can be critical for swimmers and coaches. Further, the development of technique in young swimmers can lead to exponential benefits in an athlete's career. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a training protocol on UUS and underwater gliding performance and kinematics in young swimmers. Seventeen age group swimmers (boys = 10, girls = 7) performed maximal UUS and underwater gliding efforts before and after a seven-week training protocol. Time to reach 10 m; intra-cyclic mean, peak, and minimum velocities; and gliding performance improved significantly after the training protocol. The UUS performance improvement was mostly produced by an improvement of the upbeat execution, together with a likely reduction of swimmers' hydrodynamic drag. Despite the changes in UUS and gliding, performance was also likely influenced by growth. The findings from this study highlight kinematic variables that can be used to understand and quantify changes in UUS and gliding performance.
在游泳中，出发和转身后的水下阶段包括滑行和海豚踢腿，后者也称为水下波动游泳（UUS）。游泳成绩高度依赖于水下阶段；因此，了解 UUS 和水下滑行的训练效果对游泳运动员和教练来说至关重要。此外，年轻游泳运动员技术的发展可以为运动员的职业生涯带来指数级的收益。本研究旨在评估一项训练方案对青少年游泳运动员 UUS 和水下滑行表现和运动学的影响。17 名年龄组游泳运动员（男孩 10 名，女孩 7 名）在 7 周训练方案前后进行了最大 UUS 和水下滑行努力。达到 10 米的时间；周期性平均速度、峰值速度和最小速度；以及滑行表现都在训练方案后显著提高。UUS 表现的提高主要是通过提高上扬执行的效果，同时可能降低了游泳者的水动力阻力。尽管 UUS 和滑行发生了变化，但成绩也可能受到生长的影响。本研究的结果强调了可以用于理解和量化 UUS 和滑行表现变化的运动学变量。
