Fischer Sebastian, Kibele Armin
a Institute for Sports and Sport Science , University of Kassel , Kassel , Germany.
Sports Biomech. 2016 Nov;15(4):397-408. doi: 10.1080/14763141.2016.1171893. Epub 2016 May 30.
The aim of this study was to analyse the significance of various biomechanical parameters in swim start performance for the grab and track start techniques. To do so, structural equation models were analysed, incorporating measurements for the take-off phase, flight phase and entry phase. Forty-six elite German swimmers (18 female and 28 male; age: 20.1 ± 4.2 yrs; PB (100 m Freestyle): 53.6 ± 2.9 s) participated in the study. Their swim start performance was examined within a 25-m sprint test. Structural equation modelling was conducted in separate models for the block time, flight time and water time and in a combined model for swim start time. Our main finding was that swim start time is predominantly related to water time and determined to a lesser extent by block time and flight time. We conclude that more emphasis should be given to the water immersion behaviour and the gliding phase when analysing swim start performance. Furthermore, significant differences were found between the grab start and track techniques as regards the biomechanical parameters representing the take-off phase and water phase.
本研究的目的是分析抓台式和蹬台式出发技术在游泳出发表现中各种生物力学参数的意义。为此，分析了结构方程模型，纳入了起跳阶段、空中飞行阶段和入水阶段的测量数据。46名德国优秀游泳运动员（18名女性和28名男性；年龄：20.1±4.2岁；100米自由泳个人最好成绩：53.6±2.9秒）参与了该研究。在25米短跑测试中对他们的游泳出发表现进行了检查。针对分段时间、空中飞行时间和水中时间分别建立了结构方程模型，并针对游泳出发总时间建立了一个综合模型。我们的主要发现是，游泳出发总时间主要与水中时间相关，在较小程度上由分段时间和空中飞行时间决定。我们得出结论，在分析游泳出发表现时，应更多地关注入水行为和滑行阶段。此外，在代表起跳阶段和入水阶段的生物力学参数方面，抓台式出发和蹬台式技术之间存在显著差异。
