Plasma Exosomes Loaded pH-Responsive Carboxymethylcellulose Hydrogel Promotes Wound Repair by Activating the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Signaling Pathway in Type 1 Diabetic Mice.

Chronic wound healing plagues thousands of diabetic patients and brings social and economic burdens. Plasma exosomes (P-Exos), regarded as nanosized therapeutic agents, have shown therapeutic efficacy in promoting diabetic wound healing. The present work prepared the P-Exos-loaded pH-responsive carboxymethylcellulose (P-Exos-loaded CMC) hydrogel to investigate its ability to accelerate diabetic wound healing and to explore its underlying mechanisms. The results showed that the P-Exos-loaded CMC hydrogel was an effective therapeutic agent for accelerating diabetic wound repair. It promoted the local wound healing process in diabetic type 1 mice and enhanced angiogenesis and re-epithelialization via activating angiogenesis-related pathways mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).