Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
Molecules. 2022 May 2;27(9):2902. doi: 10.3390/molecules27092902.
Hydrogels are crosslinked polymer chains with three-dimensional (3D) network structures, which can absorb relatively large amounts of fluid. Because of the high water content, soft structure, and porosity of hydrogels, they closely resemble living tissues. Research in recent years shows that hydrogels have been applied in various fields, such as agriculture, biomaterials, the food industry, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. Along with the underlying technology improvements of hydrogel development, hydrogels can be expected to be applied in more fields. Although not all hydrogels have good biodegradability and biocompatibility, such as synthetic hydrogels (polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, polyethylene glycol hydrogels, etc.), their biodegradability and biocompatibility can be adjusted by modification of their functional group or incorporation of natural polymers. Hence, scientists are still interested in the biomedical applications of hydrogels due to their creative adjustability for different uses. In this review, we first introduce the basic information of hydrogels, such as structure, classification, and synthesis. Then, we further describe the recent applications of hydrogels in 3D cell cultures, drug delivery, wound dressing, and tissue engineering.
水凝胶是具有三维（3D）网络结构的交联聚合物链，可以吸收相对大量的流体。由于水凝胶具有高含水量、柔软的结构和多孔性，它们非常类似于活组织。近年来的研究表明，水凝胶已应用于农业、生物材料、食品工业、药物输送、组织工程和再生医学等各个领域。随着水凝胶开发的基础技术的改进，可以预期水凝胶将应用于更多领域。尽管并非所有水凝胶都具有良好的生物降解性和生物相容性，例如合成水凝胶（聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酰胺、聚乙二醇水凝胶等），但可以通过修饰其功能基团或掺入天然聚合物来调整其生物降解性和生物相容性。因此，由于其对不同用途的创造性可调节性，科学家们仍然对水凝胶在生物医学中的应用感兴趣。在这篇综述中，我们首先介绍了水凝胶的基本信息，如结构、分类和合成。然后，我们进一步描述了水凝胶在 3D 细胞培养、药物输送、伤口敷料和组织工程中的最新应用。
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