Zheng Meilin, Zhao Yinghao, Miao Lili, Gao Xiyan, Liu Zhipei
State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao. 2021 Oct 25;37(10):3535-3548. doi: 10.13345/j.cjb.210389.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of persistent pollutants that are widely distributed in the environment. Due to their stable structure and poor degradability, PAHs exhibit carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic toxicity to the ecological environment and organisms, thus increasing attentions have been paid to their removals and remediation. Green, safe and economical technologies are widely used in the bioremediation of PAHs-contaminated soil. This article summarizes the present status of PAHs pollution in soil of China from the aspects of origin, migration, fate, and pollution level. Meanwhile, the types of microorganisms and plants capable of degrading PAHs, as well as the underlying mechanisms, are summarized. The features of three major bioremediation technologies, i.e., microbial remediation, phytoremediation, and joint remediation, are compared. Analysis of the interaction mechanisms between plants and microorganisms, selection and cultivation of stress-resistant strains and plants, as well as safety and efficacy evaluation of practical applications, are expected to become future directions in this field.
多环芳烃（PAHs）是一类广泛分布于环境中的持久性污染物。由于其结构稳定且降解性差，PAHs对生态环境和生物体具有致癌、致畸和致突变毒性，因此其去除和修复受到越来越多的关注。绿色、安全且经济的技术被广泛应用于PAHs污染土壤的生物修复。本文从来源、迁移、归宿和污染水平等方面总结了中国土壤中PAHs的污染现状。同时，总结了能够降解PAHs的微生物和植物类型及其潜在机制。比较了微生物修复、植物修复和联合修复这三种主要生物修复技术的特点。植物与微生物之间相互作用机制的分析、抗逆菌株和植物的筛选与培育以及实际应用的安全性和有效性评估有望成为该领域未来的发展方向。
