Jiang Hai-Bin, Zhang Ke-Qiang, Zou Hong-Tao, Ma Ying-Jun, Qu Qing-Bo, Gu Yan-Ru, Shen Shi-Zhou
Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2021 Nov 8;42(11):5405-5413. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202104111.
Nitrogen leaching loss in paddy fields is one of the main ways of farmland non-point source pollution. To explore the suitable fertilization of rice fields in the Erhai Lake Basin and reduce the nitrogen loss from paddy fields, a field experiment was conducted by setting single applications of chemical or organic fertilizer, combined organic and inorganic application, and single application of controlled release fertilizer under reduced nitrogen conditions. The results showed that, compared with the conventional fertilization treatment(CF), there was no significant difference in rice grain and straw yield between the single chemical fertilizer treatment(T1) and the organic-inorganic combined treatment(T3); the single organic fertilizer treatment(T2) decreased the rice grain yield by 13.0%, and decreased straw yield by 17.1%; single application of controlled-release fertilizer(T4) increased rice grain and straw yield by 15.7% and 21.0%, respectively. Further, compared with CF, the single application of chemical fertilizer(T1), organic fertilizer(T2), and organic-inorganic combined application(T3) reduced the total nitrogen leaching loss at 30 cm depths by 26.9%, 18.0%, and 33.9%, respectively. The loss of ammonia nitrogen leaching with T1, T2, and T3 decreased by 24.4%, 36.9%, and 36.6%, respectively, and the loss of nitrate nitrogen leaching decreased by 40.2%, 4.8% and 46.4%. The total nitrogen leaching at 60 cm soil depths was reduced by 34.2%, 26.3%, and 42.1%, the loss of ammonia nitrogen leaching was reduced by 31.4%, 35.7%, and 46.6%, and the loss of nitrate nitrogen leaching was reduced by 8.0%, 10.1%, and 23.9% for T1, T2, and T3, respectively. The total nitrogen loss at 30 and 60 cm depths increased by 41.6% and 14.0% in the single application of controlled release fertilizer(T4) treatment. Considering factors such as agronomic and environmental benefits of different fertilization modes, T1 and T3 are suitable environmentally friendly alternative fertilization modes.
稻田氮素淋失是农田面源污染的主要途径之一。为探索洱海流域稻田适宜施肥方式，减少稻田氮素流失，在减氮条件下设置了单施化肥、单施有机肥、有机无机配施及单施控释肥的田间试验。结果表明，与常规施肥处理（CF）相比，单施化肥处理（T1）和有机无机配施处理（T3）的稻谷和稻草产量差异不显著；单施有机肥处理（T2）使稻谷产量降低了13.0%，稻草产量降低了17.1%；单施控释肥（T4）使稻谷和稻草产量分别提高了15.7%和21.0%。此外，与CF相比，单施化肥（T1）、单施有机肥（T2）和有机无机配施（T3）处理分别使30 cm深度处的总氮淋失量降低了26.9%、18.0%和33.9%。T1、T2和T3处理的氨氮淋失量分别降低了24.4%、36.9%和36.6%，硝态氮淋失量分别降低了40.2%、4.8%和46.4%。T1、T2和T3处理在60 cm土壤深度处的总氮淋失量分别降低了34.2%、26.3%和42.1%，氨氮淋失量分别降低了31.4%、35.7%和46.6%，硝态氮淋失量分别降低了8.0%、10.1%和23.9%。单施控释肥（T4）处理在30 cm和60 cm深度处的总氮流失量分别增加了41.6%和14.0%。综合考虑不同施肥模式的农艺和环境效益等因素，T1和T3是适宜的环境友好型替代施肥模式。
