Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming; Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas;, Email:
Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming; Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas.
Comp Med. 2021 Dec 1;71(6):460-465. doi: 10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000038. Epub 2021 Oct 28.
Nonhuman primates (NHP) are important translational models for cardiac aging. To assess progress in this research area and to provide a reference for other investigators, we identified papers indexed in PubMed to determine what species, ages, outcomes, treatments, and approaches have been studied. Since 1983, 33 studies of cardiac aging in NHP have been published. Of these, 27 used species of macaque, 6 baboon, 1 vervet, 1 orangutan, and 1 marmoset (some studies were multispecies). Common research approaches were echocardiography, ECG, and histology of the left ventricle. Only 10 studies performed sex-based analyses. The average age of the oldest macaque studied was 26 y. The reported mean lifespan of macaques in captivity is around 30 y. The age of the oldest baboon studied was 24 y. Baboons in captivity are reported to live on average to 21 y. Twelve studies took a "life course" approach, studying animals of a wide range of ages from less than or equal to 10 y through the late teens to thirties, and employing analyses designed to show change over time. Keeping NHP into old age is a major challenge for biomedical research. The ideal design is to start monitoring in early life and to track how cardiac structure and function change with age. Important issues for future research are an increased focus on life-course approaches, investment in existing life-course NHP cohorts, better reporting of study sample characteristics, more molecular studies to identify genetic risk factors and mechanisms, attention to sex as a biological variable, a move away from descriptive reports to mechanistic studies, development of biomarkers to predict disease risk, and exploration of interventions that are implemented early in life to prevent or delay age-related disease later in life. Reducing exposure to early life adversity, identifying early-life biomarkers of aging and age-related disease, and early treatment can contribute to longer health span.
非人类灵长类动物（NHP）是心脏衰老的重要转化模型。为了评估该研究领域的进展，并为其他研究人员提供参考，我们确定了在 PubMed 中索引的论文，以确定研究了哪些物种、年龄、结果、治疗方法和方法。自 1983 年以来，已经发表了 33 篇关于 NHP 心脏衰老的研究。其中，27 项使用了猕猴物种，6 项使用了狒狒，1 项使用了长尾猕猴，1 项使用了猩猩，1 项使用了狨猴（有些研究是多物种的）。常见的研究方法是超声心动图、心电图和左心室组织学。只有 10 项研究进行了基于性别的分析。研究中最老的猕猴的平均年龄为 26 岁。圈养猕猴的报告平均寿命约为 30 岁。研究中最老的狒狒的年龄为 24 岁。圈养狒狒的平均寿命报告为 21 岁。12 项研究采用了“生命历程”方法，研究了从 10 岁以下到青少年晚期到三十多岁的各种年龄段的动物，并采用旨在显示随时间变化的分析方法。让 NHP 进入老年是生物医学研究的一个主要挑战。理想的设计是在生命早期开始监测，并跟踪心脏结构和功能如何随年龄变化。未来研究的重要问题是更加关注生命历程方法，投资于现有的生命历程 NHP 队列，更好地报告研究样本特征，进行更多的分子研究以确定遗传风险因素和机制，关注作为生物学变量的性别，从描述性报告转向机制研究，开发生物标志物来预测疾病风险，并探索在生命早期实施的干预措施，以预防或延缓生命后期与年龄相关的疾病。减少对生命早期逆境的暴露，识别生命早期衰老和与年龄相关疾病的生物标志物，以及早期治疗，可以延长健康寿命。
