Eime Rochelle, Charity Melanie, Harvey Jack, Westerbeek Hans
School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University, Ballarat, VIC, Australia.
Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Front Sports Act Living. 2021 Oct 8;3:710666. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2021.710666. eCollection 2021.
The rate of participation in community-based sport by boys and men has been double that of girls and women. Contributing to this is the fact that some sports have been traditionally male-only or at least very male-dominated. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in participation in sport by sex and age across 10 major sports in Australia over a 4-year period. In conjunction with the analysis of participation trends, the gender strategies that were developed and implemented during this time are reviewed. This study encompassed all sport participants registered with one of 10 State Sporting Associations in Victoria, Australia in 2015 and in 2019. Participation rates by region, age and sex were calculated. State sport and health policies relating to female participation in sport were reviewed. There were 749,037 registrations in 2015 and 868,266 in 2019. A comparison between 2015 and 2019 shows increases in participation for women and girls across all age groups (4-84 years), and highest increases for those aged 4 (6.6%) and 5-9 (4.7%). For boys there was a considerable decrease in participation for those aged 5-9 years (-3.8%). This study provides evidence that whilst participation in sport is still dominated by males, the gap might be gradually closing and this is in line with recent strategies and investments into sport and wider cultural developments in society. The implications of these findings are discussed.
男孩和男性参与社区体育活动的比例是女孩和女性的两倍。造成这种情况的一个事实是，一些运动传统上仅限男性参与，或者至少男性占主导地位。本研究的目的是调查澳大利亚10项主要运动项目在4年时间里按性别和年龄划分的参与情况变化。在分析参与趋势的同时，还回顾了在此期间制定和实施的性别战略。本研究涵盖了2015年和2019年在澳大利亚维多利亚州10个州体育协会之一注册的所有体育参与者。计算了按地区、年龄和性别划分的参与率。审查了与女性参与体育相关的州体育和健康政策。2015年有749,037人注册，2019年有868,266人注册。2015年和2019年的比较显示，所有年龄组（4至84岁）的女性和女孩参与率都有所提高，4岁的儿童提高幅度最大（6.6%），5至9岁的儿童提高幅度为4.7%。对于男孩来说，5至9岁年龄段的参与率大幅下降（-3.8%）。这项研究提供了证据，表明虽然体育参与仍然以男性为主，但差距可能正在逐渐缩小，这与近期对体育的战略和投资以及更广泛的社会文化发展是一致的。讨论了这些发现的影响。
