Eime Rochelle M, Harvey Jack T, Charity Melanie J, Casey Meghan M, Westerbeek Hans, Payne Warren R
Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, Victoria 8001 Australia ; School of Health Sciences and Psychology, Federation University, Ballarat, Australia.
School of Health Sciences and Psychology, Federation University, Ballarat, Australia.
BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2016 Mar 12;8:6. doi: 10.1186/s13102-016-0031-3. eCollection 2016.
Participation in sport has many health benefits, and is popular amongst children. However participation decreases with age. While the membership records of peak sports organisations have improved markedly in recent years, there has been little research into sport participation trends across the lifespan. This study investigates age profiles of participation in sport and compares these trends between genders and residential locations.
De-identified 2011 participant registration data for seven popular Australian sports (Australian Football, Basketball, Cricket, Hockey, Lawn Bowls, Netball and Tennis) were obtained and analysed according to age, gender and geographical location (metropolitan v non-metropolitan) within the state of Victoria, Australia. All data were integrated and sports were analysed collectively to produce broadly based participation profiles while maintaining confidentiality of membership data for individual sports.
The total number of registered participants included in the data set for 2011 was 520,102. Most participants (64.1 %) were aged less than 20 years. Nearly one third (27.6 %) of all participants were aged 10-14 years, followed by the 5-9 year age group (19.9 %). Participation declined rapidly during adolescence. A higher proportion of males than female participants were young children (4-7 years) or young adults 18-29 years; this pattern was reversed among 8-17 year-olds. A higher proportion of metropolitan participants were engaged between the ages of 4-13 and 19-29, whereas a higher proportion of non-metropolitan participants played during adolescence (14-18 years) and throughout mature adulthood (30+ years).
Increasing participation in sport is an objective for both government and sporting organisations. In order to have both mass population-based participation, from a health policy and elite performance perspective, we need to further explore the findings arising from the analysis of this extensive data set. Such an examination will lead to better understand of the reasons for attrition during adolescence to inform program and policy developments to retain people participating in sport, for a healthy and sport performing nation.
参与体育运动对健康有益，且在儿童中很受欢迎。然而，参与度会随着年龄增长而下降。尽管近年来顶级体育组织的会员记录有显著改善，但对于全生命周期的体育参与趋势却鲜有研究。本研究调查了体育参与的年龄分布情况，并比较了不同性别和居住地点之间的这些趋势。
获取了2011年澳大利亚七种热门体育项目（澳式橄榄球、篮球、板球、曲棍球、草地保龄球、无挡板篮球和网球）的匿名参与者注册数据，并根据澳大利亚维多利亚州内的年龄、性别和地理位置（大都市地区与非大都市地区）进行分析。所有数据进行整合，并对各项运动进行综合分析，以生成具有广泛基础的参与概况，同时保持各单项运动会员数据的保密性。
2011年数据集中注册参与者的总数为520,102人。大多数参与者（64.1%）年龄小于20岁。所有参与者中近三分之一（27.6%）年龄在10 - 14岁之间，其次是5 - 9岁年龄组（19.9%）。参与度在青春期迅速下降。男性参与者中幼儿（4 - 7岁）或青年成年人（18 - 29岁）的比例高于女性；在8 - 17岁人群中这种模式则相反。大都市地区参与者在4 - 13岁以及19 - 29岁年龄段的参与比例较高，而非大都市地区参与者在青春期（14 - 18岁）以及整个成年期（30岁及以上）的参与比例较高。
提高体育参与度是政府和体育组织的共同目标。为了从健康政策和精英表现的角度实现广泛的大众参与，我们需要进一步探索对这一庞大数据集分析得出的结果。这样的研究将有助于更好地理解青春期参与度下降的原因，为制定相关项目和政策提供参考，以促使人们持续参与体育运动，建设一个健康且体育成绩优异的国家。
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