运动参与场所：澳大利亚人在哪里以及如何进行体育运动？
Sport participation settings: where and 'how' do Australians play sport?
机构信息
School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia.
Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, Australia.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2020 Sep 3;20(1):1344. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09453-3.
BACKGROUND
Leisure-time physical activity and sport participation trends are often reported, both in aggregate and by specific activity. Recently there has been a rise in overall leisure-time physical activity, but little change in the prevalence of organised sport. It is important that the development of sport policy, infrastructure and strategic developments meet the changing landscape of participation. However, there has been relatively little research into the settings in which people participate. The aim of this study is to investigate the settings of participation of children and adults in 12 major Australian sports.
METHODS
This study utilised data about participation in sport and recreational physical activity collected in the AusPlay survey from a representative sample of adults and children in the Australian state of Victoria. For each type of physical activity, the settings of participation are identified. Respondents can report participation in a particular activity in more than one setting. Therefore we use the term "instance of participation" to refer to a person playing a particular sport in a particular setting. Participation and settings across 12 major sports were investigated for children and adults.
RESULTS
For children, the most popular sport was swimming with a weighted estimate of 323,565 (30.3%) instances of participation in the Victorian population, followed by Australian football (n = 180,459; 16.9%), and basketball (n = 137,169; 12.9%). For adults the most popular sports were swimming (n = 703,950; 30.9%) followed by golf (n = 274,729; 12.1%), and tennis (n = 260,814; 11.4%). There were considerable differences between the profiles of settings of participation for the 12 sports. Across the 12 sports, the majority of participation by children took place within a sports club or association setting, representing 63% of all instances of sport participation. For adults, sports clubs and associations was also the most popular setting, but it represented only 37% of instances of participation.
CONCLUSIONS
Traditionally, community clubs and inter-club competitions provided the main setting for sport participation, but this is no longer the case, particularly for adults. If the community sport sector is to continue to flourish, it must consider new strategies and participation options more attractive to other segments of its potential market.
背景
休闲时间的体育活动和运动参与趋势经常被报道，无论是整体趋势还是特定活动的趋势。最近，休闲时间的体育活动总体上有所增加，但有组织的运动的流行率几乎没有变化。重要的是，体育政策、基础设施和战略发展要适应参与情况的变化。然而，对于人们参与的环境，研究相对较少。本研究旨在调查儿童和成年人在澳大利亚 12 项主要运动中的参与环境。
方法
本研究利用了澳大利亚维多利亚州的 AusPlay 调查中收集的关于成年人和儿童体育活动和娱乐性身体活动参与的数据。对于每种体育活动，确定了参与的环境。受访者可以在一个以上的环境中报告参与某项特定活动。因此，我们使用“参与实例”一词来指代在特定环境中从事特定运动的人。研究了 12 项主要运动中儿童和成年人的参与情况和环境。
结果
对于儿童来说，最受欢迎的运动是游泳，在维多利亚州的人口中，有 323,565 次（30.3%）的参与实例，其次是澳式足球（n=180,459；16.9%）和篮球（n=137,169；12.9%）。对于成年人来说，最受欢迎的运动是游泳（n=703,950；30.9%），其次是高尔夫（n=274,729；12.1%）和网球（n=260,814；11.4%）。12 项运动的参与环境特征存在很大差异。在 12 项运动中，大多数儿童的参与活动都发生在体育俱乐部或协会的环境中，占所有运动参与实例的 63%。对于成年人来说，体育俱乐部和协会也是最受欢迎的环境，但仅占参与实例的 37%。
结论
传统上，社区俱乐部和俱乐部间的比赛为运动参与提供了主要环境，但现在已经不再如此，尤其是对成年人而言。如果社区体育部门要继续蓬勃发展，就必须考虑对其潜在市场的其他部分更有吸引力的新战略和参与选择。
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