Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States.
Department of Psychology, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, United States.
J Med Internet Res. 2021 Oct 29;23(10):e26280. doi: 10.2196/26280.
College campuses in the United States have begun implementing smoke and tobacco-free policies to discourage the use of tobacco. Smoke and tobacco-free policies, however, are contingent upon effective policy enforcement.
This study aimed to develop an empirically derived web-based tracking tool (Tracker) for crowdsourcing campus environmental reports of tobacco use and waste to support smoke and tobacco-free college policies.
An exploratory sequential mixed methods approach was utilized to inform the development and evaluation of Tracker. In October 2018, three focus groups across 2 California universities were conducted and themes were analyzed, guiding Tracker development. After 1 year of implementation, users were asked in April 2020 to complete a survey about their experience.
In the focus groups, two major themes emerged: barriers and facilitators to tool utilization. Further Tracker development was guided by focus group input to address these barriers (eg, information, policing, and logistical concerns) and facilitators (eg, environmental motivators and positive reinforcement). Amongst 1163 Tracker reports, those who completed the user survey (n=316) reported that the top motivations for using the tool had been having a cleaner environment (212/316, 79%) and health concerns (185/316, 69%).
Environmental concerns, a motivator that emerged in focus groups, shaped Tracker's development and was cited by the majority of users surveyed as a top motivator for utilization.
美国大学校园已开始实施禁烟和无烟政策，以劝阻人们使用烟草。然而，这些禁烟和无烟政策的实施取决于政策的有效执行。
本研究旨在开发一种基于网络的跟踪工具（Tracker），以众包校园烟草使用和垃圾的环境报告，为无烟校园政策提供支持。
采用探索性序贯混合方法来为 Tracker 的开发和评估提供信息。2018 年 10 月，在加利福尼亚州的两所大学进行了三次焦点小组讨论，并对主题进行了分析，为 Tracker 的开发提供了指导。实施一年后，2020 年 4 月要求用户完成一项关于其使用体验的调查。
在焦点小组中，出现了两个主要主题：工具使用的障碍和促进因素。进一步的 Tracker 开发受到了焦点小组的输入的指导，以解决这些障碍（例如，信息、监管和后勤问题）和促进因素（例如，环境动机和积极的反馈）。在 1163 份 Tracker 报告中，完成用户调查的（n=316）报告说，使用该工具的主要动机是拥有更清洁的环境（212/316，79%）和健康问题（185/316，69%）。
环境问题是焦点小组中出现的一个促进因素，它塑造了 Tracker 的发展，并被大多数接受调查的用户列为使用的主要动机之一。
