Kubaczyński Adam, Walkiewicz Anna, Pytlak Anna, Grządziel Jarosław, Gałązka Anna, Brzezińska Małgorzata
Department of Natural Environment Biogeochemistry, Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation-State Research Institute (IUNG-PIB), Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Feb 1;806(Pt 3):151259. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151259. Epub 2021 Oct 27.
Biochar promotes C sequestration and improvement of soil properties. Nevertheless, the effects of biochar addition on soil condition are poorly understood, especially with respect to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A large proportion of GHG emissions derive from agriculture and, thus, recognition of the effect of biochar addition to soil on GHG emissions from terrestrial ecosystems is an important issue. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the short- and long-term effects of biochar application on soil in aspects of: GHG exchange (CH and CO), basic physicochemical soil properties and structure of microbial communities in Haplic Luvisol. Soil was collected from fallow fields enriched with three doses of wood offcuts biochar (10, 20 and 30 Mg ha) and incubated at two moisture levels (60 and 100% WHC) with the addition of 1% CH. To evaluate the influence of biochar aging in soil, the samples were analysed directly (short-term response) and five years (long-term response) after amendment. Generally, biochar addition increased soil pH, redox potential (Eh), organic carbon (SOC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) contents. Under 60% WHC, direct biochar application to the soil resulted in a clear improvement in the CH uptake rate. In contrast to that (at 100% WHC) methane uptake rates were twofold decreased. The positive effect was reduced due to biochar aging in the soil, but five years after application, at 60% WHC and the highest biochar dose (30 Mg ha) still significantly enhanced CH oxidation. From a short-term perspective, biochar application increased CO emissions, but after five years this effect was not observed. Microbial tests confirmed that the improvement in CH oxidation was correlated with methanotroph abundance in the soil. Moreover, an increase of Methylocystis abundance in the soil enriched with biochar along with enhanced CH uptake rates confirm the positive biochar influence on methanotrophic communities.
生物炭可促进碳固存并改善土壤性质。然而，添加生物炭对土壤状况的影响却鲜为人知，尤其是在温室气体（GHG）排放方面。很大一部分温室气体排放源自农业，因此，认识到向土壤中添加生物炭对陆地生态系统温室气体排放的影响是一个重要问题。我们研究的目的是评估生物炭施用在以下方面对土壤的短期和长期影响：温室气体交换（CH和CO）、土壤基本理化性质以及简育淋溶土中微生物群落结构。土壤取自休耕地，添加了三剂量的木屑生物炭（10、20和30 Mg ha），并在添加1% CH的情况下于两种水分水平（60%和100% WHC）下进行培养。为评估生物炭在土壤中的老化影响，对样品进行了直接分析（短期响应）以及改良后五年的分析（长期响应）。总体而言，添加生物炭提高了土壤pH值、氧化还原电位（Eh）、有机碳（SOC）和溶解有机碳（DOC）含量。在60% WHC条件下，直接向土壤中施用生物炭使CH吸收速率明显提高。与之相反（在100% WHC时），甲烷吸收速率降低了两倍。由于生物炭在土壤中的老化，这种积极影响有所减弱，但在施用五年后，在60% WHC和最高生物炭剂量（30 Mg ha）下，CH氧化仍显著增强。从短期来看，施用生物炭增加了CO排放，但五年后未观察到这种影响。微生物测试证实，CH氧化的改善与土壤中甲烷氧化菌的丰度相关。此外，添加生物炭的土壤中甲基孢囊菌丰度的增加以及CH吸收速率的提高证实了生物炭对甲烷营养型群落的积极影响。
