Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branišovská 1645/31A, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
Department of Natural Environment Biogeochemistry, Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Oct 10;19(19):12983. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191912983.
Sewage sludge (SS) has been connected to a variety of global environmental problems. Assessing the risk of various disposal techniques can be quite useful in recommending appropriate management. The preparation of sewage sludge biochar (SSB) and its impacts on soil characteristics, plant health, nutrient leaching, and greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) are critically reviewed in this study. Comparing the features of SSB obtained at various pyrolysis temperatures revealed changes in its elemental content. Lower hydrogen/carbon ratios in SSB generated at higher pyrolysis temperatures point to the existence of more aromatic carbon molecules. Additionally, the preparation of SSB has an increased ash content, a lower yield, and a higher surface area as a result of the rise in pyrolysis temperature. The worldwide potential of SS output and CO-equivalent emissions in 2050 were predicted as factors of global population and common disposal management in order to create a futuristic strategy and cope with the quantity of abundant global SS. According to estimations, the worldwide SS output and associated CO-eq emissions were around 115 million tons dry solid (Mt DS) and 14,139 teragrams (Tg), respectively, in 2020. This quantity will rise to about 138 Mt DS sewage sludge and 16985 Tg CO-eq emissions in 2050, a 20% increase. In this regard, developing and populous countries may support economic growth by utilizing low-cost methods for producing biochar and employing it in local agriculture. To completely comprehend the benefits and drawbacks of SSB as a soil supplement, further study on long-term field applications of SSB is required.
污水污泥（SS）与各种全球环境问题有关。评估各种处理技术的风险对于推荐适当的管理非常有用。本研究批判性地回顾了污水污泥生物炭（SSB）的制备及其对土壤特性、植物健康、养分淋失和温室气体排放（GHGs）的影响。比较在不同热解温度下获得的 SSB 的特征，发现其元素含量发生了变化。在较高热解温度下生成的 SSB 中较低的氢/碳比表明存在更多的芳香碳分子。此外，由于热解温度的升高，SSB 的灰分含量增加、产率降低、表面积增大。为了制定未来战略并应对全球大量 SS，预测了 2050 年全球人口和常见处理管理的 SS 产量和 CO 当量排放。据估计，2020 年全球 SS 产量和相关 CO-eq 排放量分别约为 1.15 亿吨干固体（Mt DS）和 14139 太克（Tg）。到 2050 年，这一数字将上升到约 1.38 Mt DS 污水污泥和 16985 Tg CO-eq 排放，增长 20%。在这方面，发展中国家和人口众多的国家可以通过利用生产生物炭的低成本方法并将其用于当地农业来支持经济增长。为了全面了解 SSB 作为土壤补充物的优缺点，需要对 SSB 的长期田间应用进行进一步研究。
