Mahapatra Kewal Kumar, Mishra Soumya Ranjan, Behera Bishnu Prasad, Patil Shankargouda, Gewirtz David A, Bhutia Sujit Kumar
Department of Life Science, Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2021 Dec;78(23):7435-7449. doi: 10.1007/s00018-021-03988-3. Epub 2021 Oct 30.
Lysosomes are single membrane-bound organelles containing acid hydrolases responsible for the degradation of cellular cargo and maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Lysosomes could originate from pre-existing endolysosomes or autolysosomes, acting as a critical juncture between autophagy and endocytosis. Stress that triggers lysosomal membrane permeabilization can be altered by ESCRT complexes; however, irreparable damage to the membrane results in the induction of a selective lysosomal degradation pathway, specifically lysophagy. Lysosomes play an indispensable role in different types of autophagy, including microautophagy, macroautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy, and various cell death pathways such as lysosomal cell death, apoptotic cell death, and autophagic cell death. In this review, we discuss lysosomal reformation, maintenance, and degradation pathways following the involvement of the lysosome in autophagy and cell death, which are related to several pathophysiological conditions observed in humans.
溶酶体是由单层膜包裹的细胞器，含有酸性水解酶，负责细胞内物质的降解和细胞内稳态的维持。溶酶体可起源于预先存在的内溶酶体或自溶酶体，是自噬和内吞作用之间的关键节点。触发溶酶体膜通透性改变的应激可被内体分选转运复合体（ESCRT）改变；然而，对膜的不可修复损伤会诱导一种选择性溶酶体降解途径，即自噬性溶酶体降解。溶酶体在不同类型的自噬（包括微自噬、巨自噬和伴侣介导的自噬）以及各种细胞死亡途径（如溶酶体细胞死亡、凋亡性细胞死亡和自噬性细胞死亡）中发挥着不可或缺的作用。在本综述中，我们讨论了溶酶体参与自噬和细胞死亡后的溶酶体重塑、维持和降解途径，这些途径与在人类中观察到的几种病理生理状况相关。
