Department of Urban Climatology, Office for Environmental Protection, City of Stuttgart, 70182, Stuttgart, Germany.
Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Bioscience and Industry, College of Applied Life Science, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea.
Int J Biometeorol. 2022 Mar;66(3):521-533. doi: 10.1007/s00484-021-02213-x. Epub 2021 Oct 30.
The mean radiant temperature (T) is the most important meteorological factor influencing human thermal comfort in urban areas. Numerous methods have been implemented for estimating T using measured radiometer or thermometer data, and exhibit different levels of accuracy. This study presents a simple technique based on the traditional method (T) to estimate T by utilizing measured radiation data from the radiometers. The estimated T values from the six-directional method (T) and two black globe thermometer methods (T and T) at two stations (sky view factor 0.69 and 0.94) in Jeju, Republic of Korea, for 8 days (5 sunny days, 3 (semi-) cloudy days) in spring and summer were used to validate the T. The results showed that the mean differences between T and T were within the required accuracy for comfort in ISO 7726 (± 2 ℃) on sunny days and were reduced to 0.1-0.3 ℃ in high T conditions such as clear summer days. The T in most sunny and semi-cloudy days and T on all days resulted in large mean differences from the T that exceeded the required accuracy for thermal stress in ISO 7726 (± 5 ℃). Therefore, both black globe thermometer methods should be used carefully when estimating T, especially during sunny days. The correlations between T and T were highly significant, 0.93 on all days (p = 0.01). The newly developed regression equations between T and T could reduce mean differences within 0.5 ℃ for all days, and their r values exceeded 0.87. Therefore, the simple T technique can be used for T estimation in human thermal comfort studies.
平均辐射温度（T）是影响城市热舒适的最重要气象因素。已经提出了许多方法来使用测量辐射计或温度计数据估算 T，这些方法的准确性不同。本研究提出了一种简单的技术，该技术基于传统方法（T），通过利用辐射计测量的辐射数据来估算 T。在韩国济州的两个站点（天空视因子为 0.69 和 0.94），对 8 天（5 个晴天，3 个（半）阴天）的春夏季，使用六方向方法（T）和两个黑球温度计方法（T 和 T）估算的 T 值来验证 T。结果表明，在晴天，T 和 T 之间的平均差异在 ISO 7726 舒适要求的精度范围内（±2℃），在晴朗夏日等高温条件下，差异降低到 0.1-0.3℃。在大多数晴天和半阴天以及所有天气下，T 的平均差异均大于 ISO 7726 热应激要求的精度（±5℃）。因此，在估算 T 时，特别是在晴天，应谨慎使用两个黑球温度计方法。T 和 T 之间的相关性非常显著，所有天气下为 0.93（p=0.01）。在所有天气下，新开发的 T 和 T 之间的回归方程可以将平均差异降低到 0.5℃以内，其 r 值超过 0.87。因此，简单的 T 技术可用于人体热舒适研究中的 T 估算。
