Kim Hokyun, Kim Bokyung, Shin Yu-Jin, Kim Jieun, Kim Hee-Jung, Kim Kyungtae, Kim Pilje, Park Kyunghwa
Risk Assessment Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Kyungseo-Dong, Seo-gu, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea.
Risk Assessment Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Kyungseo-Dong, Seo-gu, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea.
Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2022 Feb;252:109222. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109222. Epub 2021 Oct 28.
Emerging contaminants (EC) such as benzotriazole are being released into the environment in various ways, therefore it is necessary to understand how organisms are affected by EC. In this study, we exposed medaka (Oryzias latipes) and zebrafish (Danio rerio) during their embryonic period (1 day after hatching) to benzotriazole to investigate its effects on oxidative stress (ROS, GSH, GST, SOD, CAT and MDA) and changes in gene expression patterns. In both medaka and zebrafish, the influence of oxidative stress was confirmed through an increased MDA level and changes in the ROS and GSH levels. Antioxidant enzymes such as GST, CAT, and SOD were affected by benzotriazole; however, medaka and zebrafish showed different patterns in the effects by benzotriazole. Results of oxidative stress genes expression showed that medaka had either no influence or had a decrease in the gene expression profile, whereas zebrafish had a statistically significant increase in the expression of some genes. The cyp1a gene expression was increased in both species. However, vtg gene expression was increased only in zebrafish but decreased in medaka, indicating no estrogenic effects in medaka. Apoptosis genes showed changes in expression in both the species but was these changes were not dose-dependent. However, zebrafish caspase-9 gene expression was increased in all of the exposed groups, suggesting the effects on the intrinsic pathway associated with caspase-9. In conclusion, the results indicate that the toxic effects of benzotriazole differ at various levels in the two small fish medaka and zebrafish embryos.
苯并三唑等新兴污染物正以各种方式释放到环境中，因此有必要了解生物体是如何受到新兴污染物影响的。在本研究中，我们在青鳉（Oryzias latipes）和斑马鱼（Danio rerio）的胚胎期（孵化后1天）将它们暴露于苯并三唑中，以研究其对氧化应激（活性氧、谷胱甘肽、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和丙二醛）的影响以及基因表达模式的变化。在青鳉和斑马鱼中，通过丙二醛水平的升高以及活性氧和谷胱甘肽水平的变化证实了氧化应激的影响。谷胱甘肽S-转移酶、过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶等抗氧化酶受到苯并三唑的影响；然而，青鳉和斑马鱼对苯并三唑的影响表现出不同的模式。氧化应激基因表达结果表明，青鳉的基因表达谱要么没有影响，要么有所下降，而斑马鱼的一些基因表达在统计学上有显著增加。两种物种的cyp1a基因表达均增加。然而，vtg基因表达仅在斑马鱼中增加，而在青鳉中下降，表明青鳉没有雌激素效应。凋亡基因在两种物种中均表现出表达变化，但这些变化不是剂量依赖性的。然而，斑马鱼caspase-9基因表达在所有暴露组中均增加，表明对与caspase-9相关的内在途径有影响。总之，结果表明苯并三唑对两种小型鱼类青鳉和斑马鱼胚胎的毒性作用在不同水平上存在差异。
