Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Njegoševa 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia,
Psychiatr Danub. 2021 Spring-Summer;33(Suppl 4):558-564.
A high rate of concurrent depression and anxiety has been identified among the patients of pain clinics. Evaluation of own pain can appear as a perception of being negatively impacted by pain-related suffering in social relations.
A questionnaire with 228 variables was applied to 109 randomly chosen patients at outpatient pain clinic of the Ljubljana University Clinical Centre. Following summative scores were treated as a set of dependent variables in MANOVA, as a set of predictors in discriminant analysis: level of depression (Zung), level of anxiety (Zung), evaluation of the nature of pain and perceptions of negatively impacted social relations. Actual pain has been self-evaluated on a visual-analogue pain scale from 0 to 10 and recorded in subgroups with a low, middle and high intensity of actual pain (criterion variable).
The average age of the participants was M=52.7 years (SD 13.9), 70.9 % of them female. Participants with a high intensity of pain were found to have the highest level of depression, the highest level of anxiety and were negatively impacted in their social relations to the greatest extent. Only the first discriminant function was found to be significant (p<0.05). The structure matrix showed a high correlation between anxiety level (0.88) and depression level (0.86), and a low correlation with the perception of negatively impacted social relations (0.57).
The results emphasize the connection between pain intensity, anxiety, depression and interpersonal relational issues in the context of patients with chronic pain at an outpatient pain clinic. Anxiety and mood were found to be the best predictors for the perception of pain intensity. The results are preliminary, but significantly support the multidisciplinary collaboration of treatment at a pain clinic with mental health professionals.
疼痛诊所的患者中同时存在较高的抑郁和焦虑发生率。对自身疼痛的评估可能表现为对疼痛相关痛苦在社会关系中产生负面影响的感知。
我们向卢布尔雅那大学临床中心门诊疼痛诊所的 109 名随机选择的患者发放了一份包含 228 个变量的问卷。在 MANOVA 中，将以下总和分数作为一组因变量进行处理，作为判别分析的一组预测因子：抑郁水平（Zung）、焦虑水平（Zung）、对疼痛性质的评估和感知到的社会关系受到负面影响。实际疼痛通过视觉模拟疼痛量表从 0 到 10 进行自我评估，并记录在实际疼痛强度较低、中等和较高的亚组中（标准变量）。
参与者的平均年龄为 M=52.7 岁（SD 13.9），其中 70.9%为女性。研究发现，疼痛强度较高的参与者表现出最高的抑郁水平、最高的焦虑水平以及在社会关系中受到的负面影响最大。只有第一个判别函数被发现具有统计学意义（p<0.05）。结构矩阵显示焦虑水平（0.88）和抑郁水平（0.86）之间具有高度相关性，而与感知到的社会关系受到负面影响之间的相关性较低（0.57）。
研究结果强调了在慢性疼痛门诊患者中，疼痛强度、焦虑、抑郁和人际关系问题之间的联系。焦虑和情绪被发现是预测疼痛强度感知的最佳指标。研究结果尚属初步，但显著支持疼痛诊所与心理健康专业人员进行多学科合作治疗。
