Liu Rong, Liu Jing, Huang Qi, Liu Shao, Jiang Yueping
Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China.
J Pharm Pharmacol. 2022 Mar 3;74(3):296-320. doi: 10.1093/jpp/rgab131.
Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) Lam (Moringaceae) is a perennial plant broadly used in South Asia and Africa as a traditional folk medicine to treat many ailments such as paralysis, helminthiasis, sores and skin infections. The review provides a critical and comprehensive evaluation of the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, agricultural economy and dietary benefit of M. oleifera and its future perspectives.
In this review, the entire plant of M. oleifera, containing diverse phytochemicals, is summarized. The 163 chemical components, included flavonoids, carbamates, glucosinolates, phenols, and so on with various bioactivities, such as anti-tumour, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and so on. Additionally, M. oleifera is toxic at certain doses; and overuse can cause genotoxicity.
Although M. oleifera has been widely used in traditional medicine, the pharmacological studies that have been conducted so far are not sufficient for its use in the setting of evidence-based medicine. Little relevant data from clinical trials of M. oleifera have been reported. The majority of studies of its constituents, such as carbamates and glucosinolates, have been conducted only in vitro. Owing to a lack of available data, the pharmacology, toxicity, agricultural economy and dietary benefit of its constituents and extracts require further evaluation.
辣木（辣木科）是一种多年生植物，在南亚和非洲被广泛用作传统民间药物，用于治疗多种疾病，如瘫痪、蠕虫病、溃疡和皮肤感染。本综述对辣木的植物学、传统用途、植物化学、药理学、毒性、农业经济和饮食益处及其未来前景进行了批判性和全面的评估。
在本综述中，总结了含有多种植物化学物质的辣木全株。163种化学成分，包括黄酮类、氨基甲酸盐、硫代葡萄糖苷、酚类等，具有多种生物活性，如抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗炎等。此外，辣木在一定剂量下有毒；过度使用会导致基因毒性。
尽管辣木已在传统医学中广泛使用，但迄今为止进行的药理学研究不足以支持其在循证医学中的应用。关于辣木的临床试验报告的相关数据很少。其成分，如氨基甲酸盐和硫代葡萄糖苷的大多数研究仅在体外进行。由于缺乏可用数据，其成分和提取物的药理学、毒性、农业经济和饮食益处需要进一步评估。
