Panova Natalina, Gerasimova Anelia, Gentscheva Galia, Nikolova Stoyanka, Makedonski Lubomir, Velikova Margarita, Beraich Abdessamad, Talhaoui Abdelmonaem, Petkova Nadezhda, Batovska Daniela, Nikolova Krastena
Department of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 84 Tzar Osvoboditel, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 84 Tzar Osvoboditel, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria.
Life (Basel). 2025 May 29;15(6):881. doi: 10.3390/life15060881.
, often referred to as the "miracle tree", has gained widespread recognition for its exceptional nutritional profile and broad pharmacological potential. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the plant's botanical characteristics, taxonomy, cultivation practices, and biochemical composition. Special emphasis is placed on its rich content of bioactive secondary metabolites-such as flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolic acids, saponins, isothiocyanates, and glucosinolates-which underlie its diverse therapeutic effects. The paper compiles and analyzes evidence from over 200 peer-reviewed studies, documenting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anticancer, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and anti-obesity effects, among others. For instance, leaf extracts have demonstrated potent antioxidant and antidiabetic effects in both animal models and clinical trials, while seed-derived isothiocyanates have shown significant antibacterial and anticancer activity. In addition, clinical and in vivo data support 's role in fertility regulation, cardiovascular protection, and neurodegenerative disease mitigation. Beyond its medicinal applications, the review highlights its growing use in functional foods, dietary supplements, and cosmeceutical products, reflecting its commercial and industrial relevance. By consolidating findings across disciplines, this review underscores the multifaceted value of as a nutraceutical and therapeutic resource.
常被称为“奇迹之树”，因其卓越的营养成分和广泛的药理潜力而获得广泛认可。本综述全面综合了该植物的植物学特征、分类学、栽培方法和生化组成。特别强调了其丰富的生物活性次生代谢产物，如黄酮类、生物碱、酚酸、皂苷、异硫氰酸盐和硫代葡萄糖苷，这些是其多种治疗作用的基础。本文汇编并分析了来自200多项同行评审研究的证据，记录了其抗氧化、抗炎、抗菌、抗糖尿病、抗癌、保肝、神经保护和抗肥胖等作用。例如，叶提取物在动物模型和临床试验中均显示出强大的抗氧化和抗糖尿病作用，而种子衍生的异硫氰酸盐则表现出显著的抗菌和抗癌活性。此外，临床和体内数据支持其在生育调节、心血管保护和神经退行性疾病缓解方面的作用。除了其药用应用，该综述还强调了其在功能性食品、膳食补充剂和药妆产品中的日益广泛应用，反映了其商业和工业相关性。通过整合各学科的研究结果，本综述强调了其作为营养保健品和治疗资源的多方面价值。
