Department of Tourism Management, Faculty of Tourism, Eastern Mediterranean University, Via Mersin 10, Famagusta, Northern Cyprus, Turkey.
Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Cag University, Mersin, Turkey.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Mar;29(13):19752-19761. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-17233-8. Epub 2021 Oct 31.
In recent years, there is concerted efforts to boost the tourism industry in Nigeria, and regulatory bodies were created for the tourism industry. This study is contributing to the ongoing debate on the tourism-energy-environment literature. Thus, we explore the linkage between tourism development, energy consumption, carbon dioxide (CO) emission, and renewable energy consumption in Nigeria for the period of 1995-2016. The present study leverages on Bounds testing to cointegration in a carbon-income function environment while incorporating renewable energy consumption to the econometric framework. Subsequently, autoregressive distributed lag methodology alongside dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) is utilized for robustness of estimations. Empirical results give credence to the energy-induced emission hypothesis in Nigeria. This outcome is suggestive to policymakers as fossil fuel-based energy consumption deplete the quality of the environment. Similarly, the study also affirms the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) phenomenon. The emphasis on Nigerian growth trajectory (real income level) relative to her quality of environment via the channel of economic development and energy consumption from fossil-fuel source is indicated. On the other hand, renewable energy consumption in Nigeria shows significant ability to reduce emission level in Nigeria. This result is insightful, which implies that environmental quality is not threatened with an increase in tourist arrivals, hence tourism does not degrade the environment but is sustainable to the environment. Interesting and laudable for stakeholders' international tourism arrival did not deplete the quality of the environment. The plausible explanation is attributed to the scale of tourism in Nigeria which at the moment is still low or much more there is caution/awareness on ecotourism for sustainable environment.
近年来，尼日利亚一直在努力推动旅游业的发展，并为旅游业设立了监管机构。本研究为正在进行的旅游-能源-环境文献辩论做出了贡献。因此，我们探讨了 1995-2016 年期间尼日利亚旅游业发展、能源消耗、二氧化碳（CO）排放和可再生能源消耗之间的联系。本研究利用边界检验在碳收入函数环境中进行协整，同时将可再生能源消耗纳入计量经济学框架。随后，使用自回归分布滞后方法和动态普通最小二乘法（DOLS）来进行稳健性估计。实证结果证实了尼日利亚的能源引致排放假说。这一结果对政策制定者具有启示意义，因为化石燃料能源消耗会降低环境质量。同样，研究也证实了环境库兹涅茨曲线（EKC）现象。强调了尼日利亚的增长轨迹（实际收入水平）相对于其环境质量，这是通过经济发展和化石燃料来源的能源消耗渠道实现的。另一方面，尼日利亚的可再生能源消耗显示出显著的能力，可以降低尼日利亚的排放水平。这一结果具有洞察力，意味着随着游客人数的增加，环境质量不会受到威胁，因此旅游业不会破坏环境，而是对环境具有可持续性。有趣的是，利益相关者的国际游客入境并没有耗尽环境质量。这可以归因于尼日利亚旅游业的规模目前仍然较低，或者更多的是对生态旅游的谨慎/意识，以实现可持续的环境。
