Faculty of Health and Sport Science (Fcsd, Ronda Misericordia 5, 22001-Huesca, Spain), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain.
Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Group and IIS-Aragon, Spain.
J Sports Sci. 2022 Feb;40(3):248-270. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1986276. Epub 2021 Oct 31.
This study systematically reviewed and quantified the effects of running a long-distance race (LDR) on heart rate variability (HRV) and arterial stiffness (AS). All types of races of a distance equal to or greater than a marathon (≥42.2 km) were included. A total of 2,220 articles were identified, 52 were included in the qualitative analysis, and 48 were meta-analysed. The standardised mean difference pre- and post-race of various time-domain and frequency-domain indices of HRV, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) was calculated. Regarding HRV, there was a significant decrease in most of the variables considered as markers of parasympathetic activity, indicating a shift of autonomic balance towards a reduced vagal tone. Regarding vascular variables, there was a significant drop in blood pressure and reduced AS. In conclusion, running an LDR seems to have a considerable acute effect on the autonomic nervous system, haemodynamics, and vascular properties. The observed effects could be categorised within the expected acute responses to long-lasting, strenuous exercise.
本研究系统地回顾和量化了长跑（LDR）对心率变异性（HRV）和动脉僵硬（AS）的影响。所有距离等于或大于马拉松（≥42.2 公里）的比赛类型都包括在内。共确定了 2220 篇文章，其中 52 篇进行了定性分析，48 篇进行了荟萃分析。计算了 HRV 的各种时域和频域指标、平均动脉压（MAP）、收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）和颈股脉搏波速度（cfPWV）赛前和赛后的标准化均数差。关于 HRV，大多数被认为是副交感神经活动标志物的变量显著下降，表明自主平衡向迷走神经张力降低转移。关于血管变量，血压显著下降，AS 降低。总之，长跑似乎对自主神经系统、血液动力学和血管特性有相当大的急性影响。观察到的影响可以归类为对长时间剧烈运动的预期急性反应。
