Alonso-González María J, Cats Oded, van Oort Niels, Hoogendoorn-Lanser Sascha, Hoogendoorn Serge
Department Transport and Planning, Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands.
KiM Netherlands Institute for Transport Policy Analysis, Postbus 20901, 2500 EX The Hague, The Netherlands.
Transportation (Amst). 2021;48(4):1733-1765. doi: 10.1007/s11116-020-10110-2. Epub 2020 May 14.
Simulation studies suggest that pooled on-demand services (also referred to as Demand Responsive Transport, ridesharing, shared ride-hailing or shared ridesourcing services) have the potential to bring large benefits to urban areas while inducing limited time losses for their users. However, in reality, the large majority of users request individual rides (and not pooled rides) in existing on-demand services, leading to increases in motorised vehicle miles travelled. In this study, we investigate to what extent fare discounts, additional travel time, and the (un)willingness to share the ride with (different numbers of) other passengers play a role in the decision of individuals to share rides. To this end, we design a stated preference study targeting Dutch urban individuals. In our research, we (1) disentangle the sharing aspect from related time-cost trade-offs (e.g. detours), (2) investigate preference heterogeneity regarding the studied attributes and identify distinct market segments, and (3) simulate scenarios to understand the impact of the obtained parameters in the breakdown between individual and pooled services. We find that less than one third of respondents have strong preferences against sharing their rides. Also, we find that different market segments vary not only in their values of the willingness to share, but also in how they perceive this willingness to share (per-ride or proportional to the in-vehicle time). Further, the scenario analysis demonstrates that the share of individuals who are willing to share rides depends primarily on the time-cost trade-offs, rather than on the disutility stemming from pooling rides per se.
模拟研究表明，拼车按需服务（也称为需求响应式交通、拼车出行、共享乘车服务或共享出行服务）有潜力给城市地区带来巨大益处，同时给用户造成的时间损失有限。然而，在现实中，在现有的按需服务中，绝大多数用户要求单独乘车（而非拼车），这导致机动车行驶里程增加。在本研究中，我们调查票价折扣、额外出行时间以及与（不同数量的）其他乘客拼车的（不）意愿在个人拼车决策中所起的作用程度。为此，我们针对荷兰城市居民设计了一项陈述偏好研究。在我们的研究中，我们（1）将拼车方面与相关的时间成本权衡（如绕路）区分开来，（2）调查在所研究属性方面的偏好异质性并识别不同的细分市场，以及（3）模拟情景以了解所获得参数在个人服务和拼车服务细分中的影响。我们发现，不到三分之一的受访者强烈反对拼车。此外，我们发现不同的细分市场不仅在拼车意愿值方面存在差异，而且在他们对这种拼车意愿的认知方式上也存在差异（按每次乘车或与车内时间成比例）。此外，情景分析表明，愿意拼车的个人比例主要取决于时间成本权衡，而非拼车本身带来的负效用。
