In vitro mature embryo culture protocol of einkorn ( ssp. ) and bread ( L.) wheat under boron stress.

Mature embryos of einkorn ( ssp. ) and bread ( L.) wheat were used for callus induction on media containing four different doses (0, 1, 2 and 4 mg L) of 2,4-D and dicamba supplemented with five different boron concentrations (0, 6.2, 12.4, 24.8, and 37.2 mg L). The obtained callus was transferred to culture media with three (0, 0.5, and 2 mg L) different BAP doses with five boron concentrations for further regeneration. The maximum callus weight in einkorn wheat was in culture media with 1 mg L dicamba and 6.2 mg L (3.71 ± 0.13 g). Bread wheat had the maximum callus weight on culture media with 4 mg L dicamba and 12.4 mg L (3.46 ± 0.40 g). The highest plantlet numbers were in only 2 mg L BAP (2.92 ± 0.88) for einkorn wheat and 0.5 mg L BAP supplemented with 6.2 mg L boron (3.71 ± 1.12) for bread wheat. This indirect regeneration protocol using mature embryos of einkorn and bread wheat under boron stresses expected to be useful for future wheat breeding studies.