Özgen M, Türet M, Altınok S, Sancak C
Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ankara, 06110 Diskapi, Ankara, Turkey, , , , , , TR.
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Art, Bogazici University, 80815 Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey, , , , , , TR.
Plant Cell Rep. 1998 Dec;18(3-4):331-335. doi: 10.1007/s002990050581.
Immature and mature embryos of 12 common winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes were cultured in vitro to develop an efficient method of callus formation and plant regeneration from mature embryo culture, and to compare the responses of both embryo cultures. Fifteen days after anthesis, immature embryos were aseptically dissected from seeds and placed with the scutellum upwards on a solid agar medium containing the inorganic components of Murashige and Skoog (MS) and 2 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Mature embryos were moved slightly in the imbibed seeds. The seeds with moved embryos were placed furrow downwards in dishes containing 8 mg/l 2,4-D for callus induction. The developed calli and regenerated plants were maintained on 2,4-D-free MS medium. Plants regenerated from both embryo cultures were vernalized and grown to maturity in soil. Regenerated plantlets all maintained the hexaploid chromosome number. A strong genotypic effect on the culture responses was found for both explant cultures. Callus induction rate, regeneration capacity of callus and number of plants regenerated were independent of each other. Mature embryos had a high frequency of callus induction and regeneration capacity, and therefore, being available throughout the year, can be used as an effective explant source in wheat tissue culture.
对12个普通冬小麦（Triticum aestivum）基因型的未成熟胚和成熟胚进行离体培养，以建立一种从成熟胚培养中高效诱导愈伤组织形成和植株再生的方法，并比较两种胚培养的反应。开花后15天，将未成熟胚从种子中无菌解剖出来，盾片向上放置在含有Murashige和Skoog（MS）无机成分及2 mg/l 2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸（2,4-D）的固体琼脂培养基上。将成熟胚在吸胀的种子中稍微移动一下。将胚移动后的种子胚根向下放置在含有8 mg/l 2,4-D的培养皿中进行愈伤组织诱导。将发育的愈伤组织和再生植株在不含2,4-D的MS培养基上继代培养。两种胚培养再生的植株均经过春化处理，并在土壤中生长至成熟。再生植株均保持六倍体染色体数。两种外植体培养均发现对培养反应有强烈的基因型效应。愈伤组织诱导率、愈伤组织再生能力和再生植株数量相互独立。成熟胚具有较高的愈伤组织诱导频率和再生能力，且全年均可获得，因此可作为小麦组织培养中一种有效的外植体来源。
