Dartnell Lewis R, Kish Kaitlin
Department of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, United Kingdom.
Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9×3V9, Canada.
Sustain Prod Consum. 2021 Jul;27:2165-2177. doi: 10.1016/j.spc.2021.05.018. Epub 2021 May 25.
The COVID-19 pandemic simultaneously triggered a sudden, substantial increase in demand for items such as personal protection equipment and hospital ventilators whilst also disrupting the means of mass-production and international transport in established supply chains. Furthermore, under stay-at-home orders and with bricks-and-mortar retailers closed, consumers were also forced to adapt. Thus the pandemic offers a unique opportunity to study shifts in behaviour during disruption to industrialised manufacturing and economic contraction, in order to understand the role peer-to-peer production may play in a transition to long-term sustainability of production and consumption, or degrowth. Here, we analyse publicly-available datasets on internet search traffic and corporation financial returns to track the shifts in public interest and consumer behaviour over 2019 - 2020. We find a jump in interest in home-making and small-scale production at the beginning of the pandemic, as well as a substantial and sustained shift in consumer preference for peer-to-peer e-commerce platforms relative to more-established online vendors. In particular we present two case studies - the home-made facemasks supplied through Etsy, and the decentralised efforts of the 3D printer community - to assess the effectiveness of their responses to the pandemic. These patterns of behaviour are related to new modes of production in line with ecological economics and as such add capacity to a broader prefiguration of degrowth. We suggest an adoption of a new "fourth wave" of DIY culture defined by enhanced resilience and degrowth to continue to add capacity to a prefigurative politic of degrowth.
新冠疫情同时引发了对个人防护装备和医院呼吸机等物品的需求突然大幅增加,同时也扰乱了既定供应链中的大规模生产和国际运输方式。此外,在居家令下,实体零售商关闭,消费者也被迫做出调整。因此,疫情提供了一个独特的机会,来研究在工业化制造中断和经济收缩期间的行为转变,以便理解点对点生产在向生产和消费的长期可持续性过渡或去增长过程中可能发挥的作用。在这里,我们分析了关于互联网搜索流量和公司财务回报的公开数据集,以追踪2019年至2020年期间公众兴趣和消费者行为的变化。我们发现,疫情开始时,人们对自制和小规模生产的兴趣激增,而且相对于更成熟的在线供应商,消费者对点对点电子商务平台的偏好发生了重大且持续的转变。特别是,我们展示了两个案例研究——通过Etsy提供的自制口罩,以及3D打印机社区的分散努力——以评估它们应对疫情的有效性。这些行为模式与符合生态经济学的新生产模式相关,因此为去增长的更广泛预现增添了力量。我们建议采用一种由增强的复原力和去增长定义的新的“第四波”DIY文化,以继续为去增长的预现政治增添力量。