University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University Center of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands.
GGZ-Drenthe, Assen, The Netherlands.
BMC Psychiatry. 2021 Nov 1;21(1):541. doi: 10.1186/s12888-021-03558-8.
Various studies have demonstrated that individuals with a psychotic disorder are at an increased risk of becoming a victim of crime. Little is known about gender differences in victimization types and in specific characteristics of victimization (e.g., perpetrator, location or disclosure). Knowledge on characteristics of victimization would provide clinicians with more insight which may be especially useful for tailoring interventions. The aim of this study is to examine gender differences in characteristics of violent and sexual victimization in patients with a psychotic disorder.
Information on violent (threats, physical abuse) and sexual victimization (harassment, assault) was assessed in 482 individuals with a psychotic disorder who received mental health care. Patients were recruited through a routine outcome monitoring study and a clinical trial.
Men reported more threats with violence (20.7% vs. 10.5%, x = 7.68, p = 0.01), whereas women reported more sexual assault (13.3% vs. 3.6%, x = 15.43, p < 0.001). For violent victimization, women were more likely than men to be victimized by a partner, friend or family member (52.9% vs. 30.6%) as opposed to a stranger (11.8% vs. 40.3%; O.R. = 52.49) and to be victimized at home (60.0% vs. 29.3%) as opposed to on the street or elsewhere (40.0% vs. 70.3%; O.R. = 0.06). For sexual victimization, there was no difference in location and perpetrator between men and women. For sexual victimization and physical violence, no differences in disclosure were found, but women were more likely not to disclose threats with violence or to disclose threats to a professional or police (52.9% vs. 45.2%; O.R. = 30.33). All analyses were controlled for age, diagnosis and employment.
Gender patterns of victimization types and characteristics are similar for individuals with a psychotic disorder in comparison to the general population. Men were at higher risk of violent victimization, whereas women were at higher risk for sexual victimization. Men were more likely to become victimized in the streets or elsewhere by a stranger, whereas women seemed to be more often victimized at home by a partner, friend or a family member. Future studies may tailor interventions preventing victimization in psychosis according to gender.
多项研究表明，患有精神病的个体成为犯罪受害者的风险增加。对于受害类型和具体受害特征（例如施害者、地点或披露）的性别差异知之甚少。了解受害特征可以为临床医生提供更多的见解，这对于量身定制干预措施尤其有用。本研究旨在检查精神病患者中暴力和性受害特征的性别差异。
在接受精神卫生保健的 482 名精神病患者中，评估了暴力（威胁、身体虐待）和性受害（骚扰、侵犯）的信息。通过常规结果监测研究和临床试验招募了患者。
男性报告的暴力威胁更多（20.7%对 10.5%，x²=7.68，p=0.01），而女性报告的性侵犯更多（13.3%对 3.6%，x²=15.43，p<0.001）。对于暴力受害，女性比男性更有可能受到伴侣、朋友或家庭成员的伤害（52.9%对 30.6%），而不是陌生人（11.8%对 40.3%；OR=52.49），并且更有可能在家里受害（60.0%对 29.3%），而不是在街上或其他地方（40.0%对 70.3%；OR=0.06）。对于性受害，男女之间在地点和施害者方面没有差异。对于性受害和身体暴力，披露方面没有差异，但女性更有可能不披露暴力威胁或向专业人士或警方披露威胁（52.9%对 45.2%；OR=30.33）。所有分析均控制了年龄、诊断和就业情况。
与一般人群相比，精神病患者的受害类型和特征存在性别模式。男性遭受暴力受害的风险更高，而女性遭受性受害的风险更高。男性更有可能在街上或其他地方被陌生人伤害，而女性似乎更经常在家中被伴侣、朋友或家人伤害。未来的研究可以根据性别量身定制预防精神病中的受害干预措施。
