Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center.
FINRA Investor Education Foundation.
Neuropsychology. 2022 Jan;36(1):35-43. doi: 10.1037/neu0000773. Epub 2021 Oct 28.
Metamemory refers to self-awareness of one's memory function, and the extent to which metamemory deficit impacts financial decision making is unknown. This study tested the hypothesis that metamemory deficit is associated with poor financial decision making among older adults without dementia.
Data came from 502 community-dwelling older adults participating in the Rush Memory and Aging Project. Metamemory deficit was determined empirically by contrasting subjective memory ratings with performance on objective memory tests. Larger discrepancy of self-rated memory scores from performance-based testing scores indicates greater deficit. Financial decision making was assessed using a performance-based measure. Multivariable regression analyses examined the association of metamemory deficit with financial decision making.
Participants had a mean age of 83 years and a mean education of 15 years. Approximately 75% were female. On average, participants answered two thirds of the financial decision making questions correctly. Female sex, older age, lower education, and lower financial literacy were correlated with poorer financial decision making. In an ordinal logistic regression model controlled for demographics and financial literacy, an 1SD increase in metamemory deficit reduced the odds of having better financial decision making by approximately 15%, OR: 0.844, 95% CI [0.719-0.991]. This association persisted after further controlling for family income, early life socioeconomic status, depressive symptoms and executive function.
Metamemory deficit in older adults is a potential indicator of impaired financial decision making. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
元记忆是指对自身记忆功能的自我意识，元记忆缺陷对财务决策的影响程度尚不清楚。本研究检验了这样一个假设，即元记忆缺陷与无痴呆的老年成年人的不良财务决策有关。
数据来自参加 Rush 记忆与衰老项目的 502 名社区居住的老年人。通过将主观记忆评分与客观记忆测试的表现进行对比，从经验上确定元记忆缺陷。自我评估的记忆得分与基于表现的测试得分之间的差异越大，表明缺陷越大。使用基于表现的措施评估财务决策。多变量回归分析检验了元记忆缺陷与财务决策之间的关联。
参与者的平均年龄为 83 岁，平均受教育年限为 15 年。大约 75%是女性。平均而言，参与者正确回答了三分之二的财务决策问题。女性、年龄较大、受教育程度较低和金融知识较低与较差的财务决策相关。在控制人口统计学和金融知识的有序逻辑回归模型中，元记忆缺陷增加 1SD 会使财务决策更好的可能性降低约 15%，OR：0.844，95%CI[0.719-0.991]。在进一步控制家庭收入、早期生活社会经济地位、抑郁症状和执行功能后，这种关联仍然存在。
老年人的元记忆缺陷是财务决策受损的一个潜在指标。
