Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America.
Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2021 Nov 3;16(11):e0259587. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259587. eCollection 2021.
Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), a parasitic fish which survives on blood of other fishes, is consumed as a delicacy in many countries. Our earlier studies on sea lamprey compounds that showed potential to deter adult sea lampreys yielded several sterols, glycerides, free fatty acids, amino acids, organic acids and nitrogenous compounds. Therefore, this study was to assess the health-benefits of these compounds including additional isolates from HPLC fractions that kept aside due to lack of activity in sea lamprey deterrent assays. In vitro cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and -2) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) inhibitory assays, respectively, were used to determine antiinflammatory and antioxidant activities. Among the tested sterols, cholesteryl eicosapentaenoate and cholesteryl arachidonate exhibited IC50 values of 14.6 and 17.7 μg/mL for COX-1 and 17.3 and 20.8 μg/mL for COX-2, respectively. Cholesteryl palmitate and cholesteryl oleate showed moderate COX-1 and COX-2 enzyme inhibition at 25 μg/mL. Amino acids arginine, tyrosine, glutamic acid, tryptophan and asparagine also showed moderate COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition at the same concentration. Among the twelve new isolates from fractions that we did not investigate earlier, a novel uracil derivative petromyzonacil showed COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition at 25 μg/mL by 35 and 15%, respectively. Cholesterol esters tested at 25 μg/mL exhibited LPO inhibition between 38 and 82 percent. Amino acids cysteine, methionine, aspartic acid, threonine, tryptophan, histidine, glutamic acid, phenylalanine and tyrosine at 25 μg/mL showed LPO inhibition between 37 and 58% and petromyzonacil by 32%. These assay results indicate that consumption of sea lamprey offer health-benefits in addition to nutritional benefits.
海七鳃鳗（Petromyzon marinus）是一种寄生鱼类，以其他鱼类的血液为食，在许多国家被视为美食。我们之前对海七鳃鳗化合物的研究表明，这些化合物具有阻止成年海七鳃鳗的潜力，从中分离出了几种甾醇、甘油酯、游离脂肪酸、氨基酸、有机酸和含氮化合物。因此，本研究旨在评估这些化合物的健康益处，包括从 HPLC 馏分中分离出的其他化合物，这些化合物由于在海七鳃鳗驱避试验中没有活性而被保留。分别采用体外环氧化酶（COX-1 和 COX-2）和脂质过氧化（LPO）抑制试验来测定抗炎和抗氧化活性。在所测试的甾醇中，二十碳五烯酸胆甾醇酯和花生四烯酸胆甾醇酯对 COX-1 的 IC50 值分别为 14.6 和 17.7μg/mL，对 COX-2 的 IC50 值分别为 17.3 和 20.8μg/mL。胆甾醇棕榈酸酯和胆甾醇油酸酯在 25μg/mL 时对 COX-1 和 COX-2 酶有中等抑制作用。氨基酸精氨酸、酪氨酸、谷氨酸、色氨酸和天冬酰胺在相同浓度下也对 COX-1 和 COX-2 有中等抑制作用。在我们之前没有研究过的 12 种新馏分分离物中，一种新型尿嘧啶衍生物 petromyzonacil 在 25μg/mL 时对 COX-1 和 COX-2 的抑制率分别为 35%和 15%。胆固醇酯在 25μg/mL 时的 LPO 抑制率在 38%至 82%之间。氨基酸半胱氨酸、蛋氨酸、天冬氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、组氨酸、谷氨酸、苯丙氨酸和酪氨酸在 25μg/mL 时的 LPO 抑制率在 37%至 58%之间，petromyzonacil 的抑制率为 32%。这些试验结果表明，食用海七鳃鳗除了具有营养价值外，还具有健康益处。
