Benito Sánchez Alicia, Ruiz Zaldíbar Cayetana, Vicario Merino Ángel
SAMUR-Protección Civil. Ayuntamiento de Madrid. Madrid. España.
Universidad Camilo José Cela. Facultad de Salud. Madrid. España.
Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2021 Nov 4;95:e202111185.
The humanitarian response to a cholera outbreak in a complex international crisis requires guaranteeing minimum conditions so that normalcy can be restored. Basic responses to a cholera outbreak include water and sanitation. The general objective of this systematic review was the analysis of the current evidence that addresses the effectiveness of different WASH measures to control cholera.
A review and analysis of the literature available in the main databases (PubMed, WoS and Scopus) and in a specific meta-search engine for humanitarian aid was carried out (reliefweb.int). Based on the establishment of the PICO research question "", the identification of keywords and databases to carry out the searches, as well as a selection process based on the established eligibility criteria: being studies in both English and Spanish where the WASH intervention was clearly defined, studies where health outcomes of cholera were presented, or data related to the function and use of the WASH intervention, was established.
The initial search provided 17,185 documents susceptible of analysis that were screened using the search criteria, up to 22 references that were read in full text and the 11 that were finally analyzed. These were coded based on the measures set out in their protocols, on the interventions carried out in the improvement of water and its supply, the improvement of sanitation, the measures aimed at better hygiene and those that evaluated the complete WASH intervention.
All the measures offered positive results, their effectiveness was conditioned by the education of the beneficiaries, the simplicity of the activities and the involvement of local actors.
在复杂的国际危机中对霍乱疫情做出人道主义应对需要确保最低条件，以便恢复正常状态。对霍乱疫情的基本应对措施包括水和环境卫生。本系统评价的总体目标是分析现有证据，以探讨不同的水、环境卫生和个人卫生（WASH）措施控制霍乱的有效性。
对主要数据库（PubMed、WoS和Scopus）以及一个专门的人道主义援助元搜索引擎（reliefweb.int）中可用的文献进行了综述和分析。基于“PICO”研究问题的设定、确定用于搜索的关键词和数据库，以及根据既定的纳入标准进行的筛选过程：纳入以英文和西班牙文发表的研究，其中WASH干预措施有明确界定；纳入呈现霍乱健康结局的研究，或与WASH干预措施的功能和使用相关的数据。
初步检索得到17185篇可供分析的文献，根据检索标准进行筛选，最终阅读了22篇全文文献，并对其中11篇进行了最终分析。这些文献根据其方案中规定的措施、在改善水及其供应、改善环境卫生、旨在提高卫生水平的措施以及评估完整WASH干预措施方面所开展的干预措施进行编码。
所有措施均取得了积极成果，其有效性取决于受益人的教育程度、活动的简易程度以及当地行为体的参与情况。
