Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tehran, Iran.
Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2022 Jan;145:112179. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112179. Epub 2021 Nov 1.
Astaxanthin (AST) is a red pigmented carotenoid with significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and anti-apoptotic properties. In this study, we summarize the available literature on the anti-inflammatory efficacy of AST in various chronic and acute disorders, such as neurodegenerative, renal-, hepato-, skin- and eye-related diseases, as well as gastrointestinal disorders. In addition, we elaborated on therapeutic efficacy of AST and the role of several pathways, including PI3K/AKT, Nrf2, NF-κB, ERK1/2, JNK, p38 MAPK, and JAK-2/STAT-3 in mediating its effects. However, additional experimental and clinical studies should be performed to corroborate the anti-inflammatory effects and protective effects of AST against inflammatory diseases in humans. Nevertheless, this review suggests that AST with its demonstrated anti-inflammatory property may be a suitable candidate for drug design with novel technology.
虾青素（AST）是一种红色类胡萝卜素，具有显著的抗氧化、抗炎、抗增殖和抗凋亡特性。在这项研究中，我们总结了关于 AST 在各种慢性和急性疾病中的抗炎功效的现有文献，如神经退行性疾病、肾、肝、皮肤和眼部疾病以及胃肠道疾病。此外，我们详细阐述了 AST 的治疗功效以及几种途径的作用，包括 PI3K/AKT、Nrf2、NF-κB、ERK1/2、JNK、p38 MAPK 和 JAK-2/STAT-3，这些途径介导了其作用。然而，应该进行更多的实验和临床研究来证实 AST 对人类炎症性疾病的抗炎作用和保护作用。尽管如此，本综述表明，AST 具有抗炎特性，可能是使用新技术进行药物设计的合适候选药物。
