Hunter College School of Nursing, City University of New York, New York, New York, USA.
New York University Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York, New York, USA.
J Nurs Scholarsh. 2022 Jan;54(1):125-132. doi: 10.1111/jnu.12714. Epub 2021 Nov 5.
Because much worldwide cancer incidence and mortality is related to modifiable risk factors, many global health organizations provide evidence-based recommendations on healthy weight, diet, and physical activity levels for cancer prevention. Even though adherence to such guidelines is reported to reduce cancer incidence and mortality, this adherence is often suboptimal. Identifying factors related to adherence to the guidelines can suggest interventions to improve health promoting lifestyle behaviors for cancer prevention.
Examine a comprehensive set of potentially predictive factors in meeting American Cancer Society's guidelines for healthy weight, fruits and vegetables intake, and physical activity.
Data used in the analysis were from adults aged 18 years and older without a history of a cancer diagnosis who participated in the Health Information National Trends Survey in 2019 (n = 3407). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the significant predictors for meeting each of the healthy weight, fruits and vegetables intake, and physical activity guidelines.
Overall adherence to each guideline was low: 39.0% met the physical activity guideline, 30.4% met the healthy weight guideline, and 17.6% met the fruits and vegetables intake guideline. Meeting the healthy body weight guideline was greater in current smokers, females, those who had at least some college education, those who did not have a chronic health condition, and those who had very good self-rated health. Meeting the fruits and vegetables intake guideline was greater in females, those who had very good self-rated health, and those who talked to friends or family members regarding their health. Meeting the physical activity guideline was greater in males, those who had household incomes of at least $50,000, those who did not have a chronic health condition, and those who had very good self-rated health.
The current analyses identified a unique set of predictors for meeting each guideline among US adults who reported never having been diagnosed with cancer. Based on these findings, interventions related to each guideline should be especially targeted to individuals having characteristics that were less likely to meet them.
Findings from the current study can assist health care providers who counsel about cancer prevention in the clinical setting.
由于全球许多癌症的发病率和死亡率与可改变的风险因素有关，许多全球卫生组织提供了关于健康体重、饮食和体力活动水平的癌症预防的循证建议。尽管报告称，遵循这些指南可以降低癌症的发病率和死亡率，但这种遵循往往并不理想。确定与遵循指南相关的因素可以提出干预措施，以改善促进癌症预防的健康生活方式行为。
检查一套全面的潜在预测因素，以满足美国癌症协会关于健康体重、水果和蔬菜摄入量以及体力活动的指南。
用于分析的数据来自于 2019 年参加健康信息国家趋势调查的年龄在 18 岁及以上、没有癌症诊断史的成年人（n=3407）。使用多变量逻辑回归分析来确定符合健康体重、水果和蔬菜摄入量以及体力活动指南的每个指南的显著预测因素。
总体而言，每种指南的遵循率都很低：39.0%的人符合体力活动指南，30.4%的人符合健康体重指南，17.6%的人符合水果和蔬菜摄入量指南。目前吸烟、女性、至少受过一些大学教育、没有慢性健康状况和自我健康评估非常好的人更符合健康体重指南。女性、自我健康评估非常好的人和与朋友或家人谈论过健康的人更符合水果和蔬菜摄入量指南。男性、家庭收入至少为 50,000 美元、没有慢性健康状况和自我健康评估非常好的人更符合体力活动指南。
目前的分析确定了一组独特的预测因素，用于确定报告从未被诊断患有癌症的美国成年人中符合每项指南的情况。基于这些发现，与每项指南相关的干预措施应特别针对不太可能符合这些指南的个人。
本研究的结果可以帮助在临床环境中为癌症预防提供咨询的医疗保健提供者。
