Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
Development. 2021 Nov 1;148(21). doi: 10.1242/dev.199861. Epub 2021 Nov 5.
Vertebrate skeletal muscle is composed of multinucleate myofibers that are surrounded by muscle connective tissue. Following injury, muscle is able to robustly regenerate because of tissue-resident muscle stem cells, called satellite cells. In addition, efficient and complete regeneration depends on other cells resident in muscle - including fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs). Increasing evidence from single-cell analyses and genetic and transplantation experiments suggests that satellite cells and FAPs are heterogeneous cell populations. Here, we review our current understanding of the heterogeneity of satellite cells, their myogenic derivatives and FAPs in terms of gene expression, anatomical location, age and timing during the regenerative process - each of which have potentially important functional consequences.
脊椎动物的骨骼肌由多核肌纤维组成，这些肌纤维被肌肉结缔组织包围。受伤后，由于组织驻留的肌肉干细胞（称为卫星细胞），肌肉能够强有力地再生。此外，有效的和完全的再生还依赖于肌肉中其他的细胞——包括成纤维脂肪前体细胞（FAPs）。单细胞分析、遗传和移植实验的越来越多的证据表明，卫星细胞和 FAPs 是异质性的细胞群体。在这里，我们根据基因表达、解剖位置、年龄以及在再生过程中的时间，来回顾我们目前对卫星细胞、它们的成肌衍生物和 FAPs 的异质性的理解——其中每一个都可能具有重要的功能后果。
