Cotton Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding.
Department of Forestry.
J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2021 Jun 1;21(6):3379-3393. doi: 10.1166/jnn.2021.19003.
Increasing population pressure and decreasing cultivable land brought the agricultural sector at an alarming situation of food production particularly in the developing countries. To feed the burgeoning population, the agriculture sector needs to become more productive and diversified while facing the adversity of climate change and limitations of natural resources. During 1960-70, the improved irrigation facilities, the use of fertilizers and pesticides in the cultivation of high yielding varieties of cereals successfully led to the Green revolution in India. In the present scenario, the low irrigation and fertilizer use efficiencies, poor pesticide application and delivery are amongst the important issues in developing countries that need to be addressed for getting higher productivity. Also, fertilizer and pesticide usage also had severe associated environmental consequences like eutrophication, resistance and resurgence in pest, toxicity to non-target organisms, residues in food and feed, accumulation in the environment, etc. In such conditions, organic farming, a traditional practice coupled with the exploration of bio-nanoparticles to achieve a sustainable production system seems to be a better option. This review focuses on current research developments in the areas of bio-nano-enabled crop nutrition, protection, post-harvest management, and the possibility of bio-nanomaterials and organic farming confluence to revolutionize the agricultural sector by ensuring sustainable food security for coming generations.
人口增长带来的压力和可耕地的减少，使农业部门面临着粮食生产的严峻形势，尤其是在发展中国家。为了养活不断增长的人口，农业部门需要在面临气候变化和自然资源限制的逆境中，提高生产力和实现多样化。在 1960 至 1970 年间，灌溉设施的改善、化肥和农药在高产品种谷物种植中的使用，成功地引领了印度的“绿色革命”。在当前情况下，发展中国家需要解决低灌溉和肥料利用率、农药施用和输送不良等重要问题，以提高生产力。此外，化肥和农药的使用也带来了严重的环境后果，如富营养化、害虫抗药性和卷土重来、对非目标生物的毒性、在食物和饲料中的残留、在环境中的积累等。在这种情况下，有机农业作为一种传统的做法，结合生物纳米颗粒的探索，似乎是实现可持续生产系统的更好选择。本文综述了生物纳米技术在作物营养、保护、产后管理等领域的最新研究进展，以及生物纳米材料和有机农业融合的可能性，通过确保未来几代人的可持续粮食安全，为农业部门带来革命性的变化。
