School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
Liaoning Provincial Institute of Poplar, Gaizhou, 115213, Liaoning, China.
BMC Biotechnol. 2021 Nov 5;21(1):64. doi: 10.1186/s12896-021-00720-8.
Alizarin red (AR) is a typical anthraquinone dye, and the resulting wastewater is toxic and difficult to remove. A study showed that the white rot fungus Trametes gibbosa (T. gibbosa) can degrade dye wastewater by decolorization and has its own enzyme-producing traits.
In this study, transcriptome sequencing was performed after alizarin red treatment for 0, 3, 7, 10, and 14 h. The key pathways and key enzymes involved in alizarin red degradation were found to be through the analysis of KEGG and GO. The Glutathione S-transferase (GST), manganese peroxidase (MnP) and laccase activities of T. gibbosa treated with alizarin red for 0-14 h were detected. LC-MS and GC-MS analyses of alizarin red decomposition products after 7 h and 14 h were performed.
The glutathione metabolic pathway ko00480, and the key enzymes GST, MnP, laccase and CYP450 were selected. Most of the genes encoding these enzymes were upregulated under alizarin red conditions. The GST activity increased 1.8 times from 117.55 U/mg prot at 0 h to 217.03 U/mg prot at 14 h. The MnP activity increased 2.9 times from 6.45 to 18.55 U/L. The laccase activity increased 3.7 times from 7.22 to 27.28 U/L. Analysis of the alizarin red decolourization rate showed that the decolourization rate at 14 h reached 20.21%. The main degradation intermediates were found to be 1,4-butene diacid, phthalic acid, 1,1-diphenylethylene, 9,10-dihydroanthracene, 1,2-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, bisphenol, benzophenol-5,2-butene, acrylaldehyde, and 1-butylene, and the degradation process of AR was inferred. Overall, 1,4-butene diacid is the most important intermediate product produced by AR degradation.
The glutathione metabolic pathway was the key pathway for AR degradation. GST, MnP, laccase and CYP450 were the key enzymes for AR degradation. 1,4-butene diacid is the most important intermediate product. This study explored the process of AR biodegradation at the molecular and biochemical levels and provided a theoretical basis for its application in practical production.
茜素红（AR）是一种典型的蒽醌染料，其产生的废水具有毒性且难以去除。一项研究表明，白腐真菌糙皮侧耳（T. gibbosa）可以通过脱色来降解染料废水，并且具有自身产酶的特性。
本研究在茜素红处理 0、3、7、10 和 14 h 后进行转录组测序。通过分析 KEGG 和 GO，发现了参与茜素红降解的关键途径和关键酶。检测了用茜素红处理 0-14 h 后的糙皮侧耳的谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶（GST）、锰过氧化物酶（MnP）和漆酶活性。对 7 h 和 14 h 后茜素红分解产物进行 LC-MS 和 GC-MS 分析。
选择了谷胱甘肽代谢途径 ko00480 和关键酶 GST、MnP、漆酶和 CYP450。在茜素红条件下，大多数编码这些酶的基因上调。GST 活性从 0 h 的 117.55 U/mg prot 增加到 14 h 的 217.03 U/mg prot，增加了 1.8 倍。MnP 活性从 6.45 增加到 18.55 U/L，增加了 2.9 倍。漆酶活性从 7.22 增加到 27.28 U/L，增加了 3.7 倍。对茜素红脱色率的分析表明，14 h 时的脱色率达到 20.21%。发现主要的降解中间体为 1,4-丁烯二酸、邻苯二甲酸、1,1-二苯乙烯、9,10-二氢蒽、1,2-萘二酸、双酚、苯二酚-5,2-丁烯、丙烯醛和 1-丁烯，并推断出 AR 的降解过程。总的来说，1,4-丁烯二酸是 AR 降解产生的最重要的中间产物。
谷胱甘肽代谢途径是 AR 降解的关键途径。GST、MnP、漆酶和 CYP450 是 AR 降解的关键酶。1,4-丁烯二酸是最重要的中间产物。本研究从分子和生化水平上探讨了 AR 的生物降解过程，为其在实际生产中的应用提供了理论依据。
