Department of Sports Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.
J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2021 Nov 7;18(1):69. doi: 10.1186/s12970-021-00467-9.
When a high-carbohydrate diet is ingested, whether as small frequent snacks or as large meals, there is no difference between the two with respect to post-exercise glycogen storage for a period of 24 h. However, the effect of carbohydrate intake frequency on glycogen recovery a few hours after exercise is not clear. Athletes need to recover glycogen quickly after physical exercise as they sometimes exercise multiple times a day. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of carbohydrate intake at different frequencies on glycogen recovery during the first few hours after exercise.
After 120 min of fasting, 6-week-old male ICR mice were subjected to treadmill running exercise (20 m/min for 60 min) to decrease the levels of muscle and liver glycogen. Mice were then given glucose as a bolus (1.2 mg/g of body weight [BW], immediately after exercise) or as a pulse (1.2 mg/g of BW, every 15 min × 4 times). Following this, the blood, tissue, and exhaled gas samples were collected.
In the bolus group, blood glucose concentration was significantly lower and plasma insulin concentration was significantly higher than those in the pulse group (p < 0.05). The plantaris muscle glycogen concentration in the bolus group was 25.3% higher than that in the pulse group at 60 min after glucose ingestion (p < 0.05). Liver glycogen concentration in the pulse group was significantly higher than that in the bolus group at 120 min after glucose ingestion (p < 0.05).
The present study showed that ingesting a large amount of glucose immediately after exercise increased insulin secretion and enhanced muscle glycogen recovery, whereas frequent and small amounts of glucose intake was shown to enhance liver glycogen recovery.
当摄入高碳水化合物饮食时，无论是小而频繁的零食还是大餐，在 24 小时内的运动后糖原储存方面，两者没有区别。然而，碳水化合物摄入频率对运动后几小时内糖原恢复的影响尚不清楚。运动员有时需要每天多次进行体育锻炼，因此需要快速恢复糖原。本研究旨在确定在运动后最初几个小时内以不同频率摄入碳水化合物对糖原恢复的影响。
在禁食 120 分钟后，6 周龄雄性 ICR 小鼠进行跑步机跑步运动（20 m/min 持续 60 分钟）以降低肌肉和肝脏糖原水平。然后，立即在运动后给小鼠给予葡萄糖（1.2 mg/g 体重[BW]，作为一次推注）或每 15 分钟给予一次（每次 1.2 mg/g BW，共 4 次，作为脉冲）。之后，采集血液、组织和呼出气体样本。
在推注组中，血糖浓度明显低于脉冲组，血浆胰岛素浓度明显高于脉冲组（p<0.05）。葡萄糖摄入后 60 分钟时，推注组比脉冲组的比目鱼肌糖原浓度高 25.3%（p<0.05）。葡萄糖摄入后 120 分钟时，脉冲组的肝糖原浓度明显高于推注组（p<0.05）。
本研究表明，运动后立即摄入大量葡萄糖会增加胰岛素分泌并增强肌肉糖原恢复，而频繁和小量摄入葡萄糖则会增强肝糖原恢复。
